Deviations from the expectation in the observed frequency of rimes of English monomorphemic monosyllables

Words are from the Random House Dictionary, 2nd ed. Word frequencies are weighted by the frequencies in the Brown corpus (Francis & Kucera). Deviations are (O - E)^2 / E, deriving the expectation from the frequencies of the vowel and of the coda sequence among observed codas. We report only rimes that have an expected frequency of 5 or more. Frequencies are not weighted by word frequency.

Treating vowels cO as A

Counting 0 freqs in Brown as 0.3

Deviations in frequency of rime
DevRimeObservedExpectedExamples
-37.37a139.35baa
-33.42E135.39yeah
-17.41al1034.51Al,Cal,gal,Hal,lall,pal,rale,Sal,shall,Val
-9.10os517.68chausses,close,dose,gross,stoss
-8.74Vl1126.11cull,dull,gull,hull,lull,mull,null,scull,skull
-8.63Av212.30Slav,suave
-7.07Ez210.69fez,says
-6.91Ev18.80rev
-6.91Ast312.17cost,frost,lost
-6.64az311.89as,has,jazz
-6.58eT18.46aitch
-6.18A3249.48awe,bra,caw,claw,craw,dah,daw,draw,fa,flaw,Fra,ka
-5.96Wk17.84gowk
-5.89ib29.47grebe,plebe
-5.84Vp615.52cup,pup,scup,sup,tup,up
-5.17ynd17.03wind
-5.00Am1627.78balm,bomb,bombe,calm,Dom,dom,haulm,malm,Om,palm
-5.00of310.10goaf,loaf,oaf
-4.90Em1019.87Clem,Dem,em,feme,gem,hem,phlegm,rem,stem,them
-4.87EG16.72eng
-4.84Ep918.45cep,pep,prep,rep,skep,step,steppe,strep,yep
-4.68od1323.48bode,code,goad,load,lode,mode,node,ode,road,rode
-4.64eS16.49seiche
-4.64Vt1728.49but,butt,cut,glut,gut,hut,jut,nut,putt,rut,scut
-4.25oD16.08doge
-4.23Az714.95cause,clause,gauze,hawse,pause,poise,yaws
-3.91ys1221.08bis,bliss,Chris,cuisse,Dis,hiss,kiss,miss,piss
-3.85og410.29brogue,drogue,rogue,vogue
-3.80Ek1727.16beck,check,deck,fleck,heck,keck,lek,neck,peck,rec
-3.57yd1828.00bid,chid,Cyd,did,fid,gid,grid,hid,id,kid,lid,mid
-3.56ind15.37fiend
-3.49Et2333.88bet,Brett,Chet,debt,fret,get,jet,let,Lett,met,net
-3.47ug26.89frug,fugue
-3.42av49.78calve,halve,have,salve
-3.33iS26.74leash,quiche
-3.27An3041.68awn,brawn,con,conn,dan,dawn,Dawn,don,Don,faun,Jon
-3.09ig49.38gigue,klieg,league,peag
-2.88Eb510.50bleb,deb,ebb,pleb,web
-2.87eb49.12Abe,babe,Cabe,Gabe
-2.79yv510.37give,live,sheave,shive,sieve
-2.77Vz48.99buzz,does,fuzz,was
-2.77Af814.29cough,doff,off,prof,quaff,scoff,shroff,trough
-2.71uk1117.98cuke,dook,duke,Duke,fluke,Luke,nuke,snook,spook
-2.69ot2433.50bloat,boat,coat,cote,dote,float,gloat,goat,groat
-2.61oS37.39broche,cloche,gauche
-2.60En2129.81ben,Ben,den,en,fen,glen,Glen,Glenn,Gwen,hen,ken
-2.46AD48.60dodge,lodge,raj,stodge
-2.46ust25.76boost,roost
-2.08AGk610.72bronc,clonk,conch,conk,honk,tonk
-1.99at2937.66at,bat,batt,brat,cat,chat,drat,fat,flat,frat,gat
-1.96As1825.01boss,boss,cos,cross,crosse,dross,floss,fosse,joss
-1.88Rp47.84burp,chirp,slurp,stirp
-1.85uT36.45cooch,pooch,smooch
-1.81Vnd25.01bund,fund
-1.80eg59.03beg,Craig,Hague,plague,vague
-1.79Vd1419.98blood,bud,Bud,cud,dud,flood,Judd,mud,rudd,scud
-1.69ef58.87chafe,kef,safe,strafe,waif
-1.68yz812.61biz,fizz,frizz,his,is,Liz,quiz,whiz
-1.62ES47.48flesh,fresh,mesh,thresh
-1.37uv35.83groove,move,prove
-1.26ub46.96cube,rube,Rube,tube
-1.18aD46.84badge,cadge,hajj,Madge
-1.17iD35.55guige,liege,siege
-1.16Yk1317.50bike,dike,haik,hike,like,mike,Mike,pike,psych
-1.08Ans35.42kans,nonce,sconce
-1.07yn2935.14been,bin,blin,chin,din,fin,Finn,gin,Glyn,Glynn,in
-1.01Ef710.22chef,clef,deaf,feoff,Jeff,nef,teff
-0.88yt3439.94bit,bitt,brit,Brit,chit,dit,fit,flit,frit,grit,it
-0.78Vv57.40dove,glove,love,of,shove
-0.72oT79.64broach,brooch,coach,loach,loche,poach,roach
-0.70yD57.25bridge,fridge,midge,nidge,ridge
-0.68on2529.47bone,clone,cone,crone,drone,groan,hone,Joan,loan
-0.68om1619.65chrome,comb,dome,foam,gnome,heaume,holm,home,loam
-0.60is1316.12cease,crease,creese,fleece,geese,grease,Greece
-0.55ob810.39daube,globe,Job,lobe,probe,robe,strobe,tobe
-0.53El2731.04bael,bel,bell,belle,cell,del,dell,Dell,dwell,ell
-0.52Yz56.89guise,prize,rise,size,wise
-0.52an2933.14an,Ann,Anne,ban,bran,Bran,can,clan,Dan,fan,flan
-0.51AT1113.63blotch,botch,crotch,klatsch,nautch,notch,Scotch
-0.46uf56.77kloof,pouf,proof,roof,spoof
-0.43Rd810.10bird,curd,gird,heard,herd,surd,third,word
-0.40Emp45.49hemp,kemp,Kemp,temp
-0.38Vn2225.07bun,done,dun,fun,gun,hon,hsien,Hun,none,nun,one
-0.32ul1820.55boule,buhl,cool,drool,fool,ghoul,joule,mewl,mule
-0.28Vs1315.04bus,buss,crus,cuss,fuss,Gus,muss,plus,pus,Russ,us
-0.28Ar2325.67are,bar,car,char,czar,far,gar,gnar,guar,jar,knar
-0.28op1618.25cope,dope,grope,hope,lope,mope,nope,pope,rope
-0.25ep1416.02ape,cape,chape,crepe,drape,gape,grape,jape,nape
-0.20Eq45.02Beth,breath,death,Seth
-0.15un1819.74boon,coon,croon,dune,goon,June,loon,lune,moon
-0.15Vk2122.84buck,Buck,chuck,Chuck,cluck,cruck,duck,fuck,guck
-0.11Wd66.85cloud,crowd,loud,proud,shroud,stroud
-0.09ist77.85beast,east,feast,least,piste,priest,yeast
-0.07yS88.81dish,fish,kish,knish,squish,swish,whish,wish
-0.07Ant1010.85daunt,flaunt,font,gaunt,haunt,jaunt,taunt,vaunt
-0.06aq55.58bath,lath,path,snath,wrath
-0.05Yf66.58fife,knife,life,rife,strife,wife
-0.04Ad3233.21baud,bawd,broad,Claude,clod,cod,fraud,gaud,god,Od
-0.04est77.56baste,chaste,haste,paste,taste,waist,waste
-0.04as1919.88as,ass,bass,brass,Cass,class,crass,frass,gas,lass
-0.03ok2626.85broke,choke,cloak,coak,coke,croak,folk,hoke,joke
-0.01ym2323.43brim,dim,glim,grim,gym,him,hymn,Jim,Kim,limb,limn
-0.00yk3232.02brick,chick,click,crick,dick,Dick,flick,hick,kick
0.00Yl2020.00aisle,bile,chyle,faille,file,guile,isle,Kyle,mile
0.00il2827.98ceil,creel,deal,eel,feel,heal,heel,keel,kneel
0.00Yp1211.89gripe,hype,pipe,ripe,slype,snipe,stipe,stripe
0.00yq65.91kith,myth,pith,smith,with,withe
0.01Alt65.82fault,halt,malt,salt,smalt,vault
0.01it3130.54beat,beet,bleat,cete,cheat,cleat,eat,feat,feet
0.01ET109.75etch,fetch,fletch,ketch,quetsch,retch,sketch
0.01Al4443.40all,awl,ball,bawl,brawl,call,caul,col,crawl,doll
0.01Yb76.77bribe,gibe,jibe,kibe,scribe,tribe,vibe
0.01ent76.73faint,feint,paint,plaint,quaint,saint,taint
0.01ast109.68bast,blast,cast,caste,clast,fast,last,mast,past
0.01Amp87.67clomp,comp,pomp,romp,stomp,swamp,tromp,whomp
0.02ost98.61boast,coast,ghost,host,Host,most,post,roast,toast
0.02Wn98.60brown,clown,crown,down,drown,frown,gown,noun,town
0.03em1817.25aim,blame,came,claim,dame,fame,flame,frame,game
0.09ek2523.57ache,bake,Blake,brake,break,cake,crake,drake,fake
0.10ad2826.41ad,add,bad,bade,blad,brad,Brad,cad,chad,Chad,clad
0.10ud1715.73brood,crude,dude,feud,food,Jude,leud,lewd,mood
0.11Ak4037.97auk,balk,bloc,block,brock,calk,caulk,chalk,chock
0.12Wl108.96cowl,foul,fowl,growl,howl,jowl,owl,prowl,scowl
0.12aT1210.84bach,batch,catch,hatch,latch,match,patch,scratch
0.14Ag1614.55bog,clog,cog,dog,flog,fog,frog,grog,hog,jog,log
0.19Yd1715.30bide,bride,chide,Clyde,glide,gride,guide,hide
0.23et3229.40ate,bait,bate,crate,date,eight,fate,fete,freight
0.24Eg1210.41beg,dreg,egg,Greg,keg,leg,Meg,peg,Peg,skeg,squeg
0.28ed2320.62aid,aide,blade,braid,cade,clade,fade,glade,grade
0.28At5147.36aught,blot,bot,bott,bought,brought,caught,chott
0.29Rm108.45berm,firm,germ,herm,perm,sperm,squirm,term,therm
0.33And108.34blond,blonde,bond,fond,frond,pond,rand,ronde,wand
0.35if119.21beef,brief,chief,fief,grief,kief,leaf,lief,reef
0.36in3026.87bean,clean,dean,Dean,fine,gean,gene,Gene,glean
0.40VT108.20clutch,crutch,cutch,Dutch,hutch,much,scutch,such
0.53im2117.91beam,bream,cream,deem,deme,dream,fleam,gleam,heme
0.54Es2117.88Bess,bless,cess,chess,cress,dress,ess,fess,guess
0.55Aks75.29box,cox,fox,lox,ox,phlox,pox
0.56Aq97.01broth,cloth,froth,Goth,moth,sloth,swath,troth
0.61af1411.36baff,calf,chaff,draff,gaff,gaffe,graph,half,laugh
0.68Ap3025.80bop,chop,clop,cop,crop,dop,drop,flop,fop,glop,hop
0.80Ym1612.80chime,chyme,climb,clime,crime,cyme,dime,grime
1.03Rk1511.54chirk,cirque,clerk,dirk,Dirk,irk,jerk,Kirk,lurk
1.06yb1612.38bib,bibb,crib,dib,drib,fib,gib,glib,guib,jib,lib
1.09am2722.09am,Bram,clam,cram,dam,damn,dram,flam,gam,gram,ham
1.12yl4336.59bill,Bill,brill,chill,dill,drill,fill,frill,gill
1.15ip2116.64beep,bleep,cheap,cheep,creep,deep,geep,heap,jeep
1.29es2015.52ace,base,bass,brace,case,chase,dace,face,grace
1.30ol3730.69bole,boll,bowl,coal,cole,Cole,dhole,dol,dole,foal
1.36yst1410.26cist,cyst,fist,gist,grist,kist,list,mist,schist
1.38Wr85.30flour,gaur,giaour,hour,lour,our,scour,sour
1.38ut2822.43beaut,bhut,boot,bruit,brut,Brut,brute,chute,coot
1.47ap2620.52cap,chap,clap,crap,dap,flap,frap,gap,hap,lap,Lapp
1.48Rn1712.67burn,churn,earn,erne,fern,Fern,kern,learn,quern
1.60ab1611.68abb,blab,cab,crab,dab,drab,flab,gab,grab,jab,nab
1.74AnT95.82cranch,craunch,haunch,launch,manche,paunch,raunch
1.82yg1712.27big,brig,dig,fig,gig,jig,nig,pig,prig,rig,sprig
1.85Vst117.32bust,crust,dust,gust,just,lust,must,musth,rust
1.85oz1510.57chose,chose,close,clothes,cloze,coze,doze,froze
2.04yf1712.05cliff,Cliff,dif,glyph,griff,griffe,if,kif,miff
2.25us1711.84Bruce,deuce,goose,juice,loose,luce,moose,mousse
2.26Yr1711.83choir,dire,fire,gyre,hire,ire,lyre,mire,pyre,sire
2.54Rs127.60burse,curse,Erse,hearse,nurse,Peirce,perse,purse
2.57ak3930.19back,black,cack,clack,claque,crack,flack,flak,lac
2.57ynt149.15Clint,dint,flint,glint,hint,lint,mint,print,quint
2.69id2921.41bead,bleed,breed,cede,creed,deed,feed,greed,heed
2.83VD95.17budge,drudge,fudge,grudge,judge,nudge,sludge
2.94AS1610.45Boche,bosh,cosh,frosh,gosh,gouache,josh,Josh,nosh
3.03Rt2114.40Bert,blurt,Burt,chert,curt,Curt,dirt,flirt,Gert
3.13yp3021.75blip,chip,clip,dip,drip,flip,grip,grippe,gyp,hip
3.35AG159.39bong,dong,flong,gong,hong,klong,long,prong,song
3.35ant148.63ant,aunt,bant,brant,Brant,cant,chant,Grant,grant
3.69yT1811.49bitch,ditch,fitch,flitch,hitch,itch,kitsch,niche
3.82ED116.15dredge,edge,fledge,hedge,kedge,ledge,pledge,Reg
4.07eD105.34age,cage,gage,gauge,page,rage,sage,stage,swage
4.12o4734.99beau,blow,bow,crow,do,doe,dough,faux,Flo,floe,foe
4.35and126.63and,band,bland,brand,Brand,gland,grand,hand,land
4.39iT158.79beach,beech,bleach,breach,breech,each,leach,leech
4.42Ed3423.75bed,bled,bread,bred,dead,dread,Ed,fed,fled,Fred
4.52ik3524.48beak,bleak,cheek,chic,clique,creak,creek,deke,eke
4.56ov158.70clove,cove,dove,drove,grove,hove,Jove,mauve,rove
4.59Vnt126.53blunt,brunt,bunt,cunt,front,grunt,hunt,prunt,punt
4.62Rl2113.19burl,churl,curl,earl,Earl,furl,girl,herl,hurl
4.71Ab2314.69blob,bob,brob,cob,daub,fob,glob,gob,hob,job,knob
5.00Yn2919.20bine,brine,chine,cline,crine,dine,dyne,fine,kain
5.62iz179.64breeze,cheese,ease,feaze,freeze,frieze,jeez,mise
7.36um2313.16bloom,boom,broom,brume,cwm,doom,flume,fume,gloom
7.98R2615.04birr,blur,bur,burr,chirr,cur,curr,err,fir,Fleur
8.12i4831.91be,Bea,bee,Brie,cee,Dee,dee,fee,flea,flee,free,gi
8.76ymp146.47blimp,chimp,crimp,gimp,guimpe,imp,limp,pimp,primp
9.06Ws125.16blouse,bouse,chiaus,chouse,douse,gauss,grouse
9.53Ys2211.52Brice,Bryce,dice,gneiss,ice,lice,lyse,mice,nice
9.92Est188.71best,blest,breast,chest,crest,gest,guest,jest
10.22amp146.10amp,camp,champ,clamp,cramp,damp,gramp,lamp,ramp
10.56Vm3016.71bum,chum,come,crumb,cum,drum,dumb,from,glum,grum
10.80el4426.94ail,ale,bail,bale,brail,Braille,dale,Dale,drail
11.70Vb198.83blub,chub,club,cub,drub,dub,flub,fub,grub,hub,nub
12.07VS156.29blush,brush,crush,flush,gush,hush,lush,mush,plush
12.16aG177.47bang,bhang,clang,dang,fang,gang,gangue,hang,pang
12.77iv187.93cleave,Cleve,eave,eve,Eve,greave,grieve,heave
12.89Wt219.78bout,clout,doubt,drought,flout,gout,grout,knout
13.51Yt3921.83bight,bite,blight,blite,bright,byte,cite,Dwight
13.52Ent187.76bent,blent,Brent,cent,dent,gent,Kent,Lent,lent
13.60W2210.21bough,bow,brow,chow,cow,dhow,hau,how,mow,now,plow
15.35Yv155.67chive,Clive,dive,drive,five,hive,jive,live,rive
15.58ag2511.57bag,brag,crag,dag,drag,fag,flag,gag,hag,jag,lag
17.12Vg218.76bug,chug,Doug,drug,dug,fug,glug,hug,jug,lug,mug
17.88up2712.22bloop,coop,coupe,croup,droop,drupe,dupe,goop,hoop
17.89Y4322.80aye,buy,by,bye,cry,Di,die,dry,dye,eye,fly,fry,guy
18.95VG165.65bung,clung,dung,flung,hung,lung,rung,slung,sprung
20.00ev207.64brave,cave,clave,crave,Dave,gave,grave,knave,lave
20.07uz197.08booze,bouse,bruise,choose,cruise,cruse,druse,fuse
21.70or3818.15boar,bore,chore,core,corps,door,dor,drawer,floor
24.14Vf238.60bluff,buff,buffe,chough,chuff,cuff,duff,fluff
24.31End185.96bend,blend,blende,end,fend,friend,lend,mend,pend
24.41en5125.87bane,blain,brain,Cain,cane,chain,crane,Dane,deign
25.03yG227.92Bing,bring,cling,ding,fling,king,ling,ming,ping
25.96aS238.31ash,bash,brash,cache,cash,clash,crash,dash,flash
26.62ez259.28baize,Blaise,blaze,braise,braze,chaise,craze,daze
27.91e6030.72a,bay,bey,bray,cay,clay,Clay,day,dey,dray,fay,Fay
28.20yGk259.04blink,brink,chink,cinque,clink,dink,drink,ink
32.85VGk216.45bunk,chunk,clunk,drunk,dunk,flunk,funk,gunk,hunk
42.27ir4316.55beer,bier,blear,cere,cheer,clear,dear,deer,ear
44.52aGk288.52ankh,banc,bank,blank,clank,crank,dank,drank,flank
58.05Er5118.36air,are,bare,bear,Blair,blare,care,chair,Cher,ere
127.05u7823.43blew,blue,boo,brew,chew,chou,clew,clou,clue,coo

This report was generated by a Perl program.


Webster: Brett Kessler
email address
Last change 2004-08-27.