I am an assistant professor of Psychology and of PNP in the Psychology Department at Washington University in St. Louis. My specialization is in Linguistics. In Spring 2012 I am teaching Historical Linguistics and a section of Introduction to Linguistics; in Fall 2012 I plan to teach a section of Introduction to Linguistics and to co-teach with Rebecca Treiman a Linguistics Senior Seminar on writing systems. I serve as the University College Coordinator for Linguistics and as an advisor for many students who concentrate in Linguistics or PNP (Philosophy-Neuroscience-Psychology) in the College of Arts and Sciences. The Linguistics Lab is in Psychology 402B–C. I have also been working with Rebecca Treiman in the Reading and Language Lab on work supported by grants from The March of Dimes, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Science Foundation. I’m interested in computational and statistical approaches to language, particularly in the fields of phonology, historical linguistics, and the lexicon. My PhD dissertation in the Stanford Department of Linguistics explored how to statistically test the historical connections between languages. A few more specifics below and in my CV. Address: Psychology Department Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1125 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130-4899 USA FAX: 1-314-935-7588 Office: Psychology Building, Room 235A Office hours: Tuesday, Thursday, 4:00–5:00 WWW: http://spell.psychology.wustl.edu Picture: Official Psychology Department photo Greetings: Courtesy of Dudley’s Voder. Depending on the season, I often register here time slots during which students may sign up for appointments. My papers and projects available through this site 2012, July. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Cláudia Cardoso-Martins, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. The structure of prephonological writing as an indicator of later spelling success. Paper to be presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Montréal, Canada. 2012. Treiman, Rebecca, Iris Levin & Brett Kessler. Linking the shapes of alphabet letters to their sounds: The case of Hebrew. Reading and Writing 25(2). 569–585. doi: 10.1007/s11145-010-9286-3 2011. Hayes, Heather, Brett Kessler, & Rebecca Treiman. Spelling of deaf children who use cochlear implants. Scientific Studies of Reading 15(6). 522–540. doi: 10.1080/10888438.2010.528480 2011. Treiman, Rebecca, & Brett Kessler. Similarities among the shapes of writing and their effects on learning. Written Language and Literacy 14(1). 39–57. 2011, July. Kemp, Nenagh, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. Adults’ spelling of doubled consonants in pseudowords. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), St. Pete Beach, FL. 2011, July. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Cláudia Cardoso-Martins, Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. A longitudinal evaluation of the syllabic spelling hypothesis in Portuguese. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), St. Pete Beach, FL. 2011. Kessler, Brett. Language families. In Patrick Colm Hogan (ed.), The Cambridge encyclopedia of the language sciences, 414–417. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 2010, July. Kessler, Brett, Tatiana Cury Pollo, Rebecca Treiman, Brian Byrne & Richard K. Olson. 2010, July. Predicting spelling accuracy to Grade 2 by computer analysis of erroneous spellings in kindergarten. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Berlin, Germany. 2010, July. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman, Brett Kessler & Emily Rosenzweig. Children’s initial spelling strategies: ‘Bear’ is not bigger than ‘mosquito’. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Berlin, Germany. Abstract retrieved from http://spell.psychology.wustl.edu/PolloSSSR2010 2009, June. Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. Learning about the role of context in spelling-to-sound translation: The case of initial ‹c› and ‹g› in English. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Boston, MA. 2009, June. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. Do children’s prephonological writing patterns predict later spelling performance? Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Boston, MA. 2009, June. Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Markéta Caravolas. Children’s knowledge about the shapes of Latin letters. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Boston, MA. 2009. Ellefson, Michelle R., Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. Learning to label letters by sounds or names: A comparison of England and the United States. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 102(3). 323–341. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2008.05.008 2009. Kessler, Brett. Statistical learning of conditional orthographic correspondences. Writing Systems Research 1(1). 19–34. doi: 10.1093/wsr/wsp004. 2009. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. Statistical patterns in children’s early writing. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 104. 410–426. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.07.003 2008, July. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. The nature of young children’s nonphonological spellings. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Asheville, NC. 2008. Kessler, Brett. The mathematical assessment of long-range linguistic relationships. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5). 821–839. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-818x.2008.00083.x 2008. Kessler, Brett, Rebecca Treiman & John Mullennix. Feedback-consistency effects in single-word reading. In Elena L. Grigorenko & Adam J. Naples (eds.), Single-word reading: Behavioral and biological perspectives, 159−174. New York, NY: Erlbaum. 2008. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. Preschoolers use partial letter names to select spellings: Evidence from Portuguese. Applied Psycholinguistics 29(2). 195–212. doi: 10.1017/S0142716407080095 2008. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. Three perspectives on spelling development. In E. L. Grigorenko & A. J. Naples (eds.), Single-word reading: Behavioral and biological perspectives, 175−189. New York, NY: Erlbaum. 2007, October. Garabík, Radovan, Markéta Caravolas, Brett Kessler, Eva Höflerová, Jackie Masterson, Marína Mikulajová, Marcin Szczerbiński & Piotr Wierzchoń. A cross-linguistic database of children’s printed words in three Slavic languages. In Jana Levická & Radovan Garabík (eds.), Computer Treatment of Slavic and East European Languages: Fourth International Seminar, Bratislava, Slovakia, 25−27 October 2007: Proceedings, 51−64. Bratislava: Tribun, 2007. 2007, July. Kessler, Brett. Better than chance? Randomization models for evaluating whether lexical similarity implies historical connection. Paper presented at the Workshop on Alternative Approaches to Language Classification, Stanford, CA. 2007, June. Kessler, Brett. Word similarity metrics and multilateral comparison. In John Nerbonne, Mark T. Ellison & Grzegorz Kondrak (eds.), Proceedings of the Ninth Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group on Computational Morphology and Phonology (SIGMORPHON), Prague, Czech Republic, 6–14. Stroudsburg PA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. 2007, March. Ellefson, Michelle R., Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. Learning to label letters by names or sounds. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Boston, MA. 2007. Denning, Keith, Brett Kessler & William R. Leben. English vocabulary elements, 2nd edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2007. Kessler, Brett. [Review of the book Language Classification by Numbers, by April McMahon & Robert McMahon]. Anthropological Linguistics 49(3–4). 435–438. 2007. Treiman, Rebecca, Jeremy Cohen, Kevin Mulqueeny, Brett Kessler & Suzanne Schechtman. Young children’s knowledge about printed names. Child Development 78(5). 1458−1471. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01077.x 2007. Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. Learning to read. In M. Gareth Gaskell (ed.), The Oxford handbook of psycholinguistics, 657−666. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 2007. Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Rochelle Evans. Anticipatory conditioning of spelling-to-sound translation. Journal of Memory and Language 56(2). 229−245. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2006.06.001 2007. Treiman, Rebecca, Iris Levin & Brett Kessler. Learning of letter names follows similar principles across languages: Evidence from Hebrew. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 96. 87−106. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2006.08.002 2006, July. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. How do preschoolers use letter names to select spellings? Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Vancouver, Canada. 2006, July. Treiman, Rebecca, Jeremy Cohen, Kevin Mulqueeny, Brett Kessler & Suzanne Schechtman. Young children’s knowledge about printed names. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Vancouver, Canada. 2006. Ashby, Jane, Rebecca Treiman, Brett Kessler & Keith Rayner. Vowel processing during silent reading: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 32(2). 416–424. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.2.416 2006. Bourassa, Derrick C., Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. Use of morphology in spelling by children with dyslexia and typically developing children. Memory & Cognition 34(3). 703–714. doi: 10.3758/BF03193589 2006. Hayes, Heather, Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. Children use vowels to help them spell consonants. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 94(1). 27–42. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2005.11.001 2006. Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. Spelling as statistical learning: Using consonantal context to spell vowels. Journal of Educational Psychology 98(3). 642–652. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.98.3.642 2006. Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Tatiana Cury Pollo. Learning about the letter name subset of the vocabulary: Evidence from U.S. and Brazilian preschoolers. Applied Psycholinguistics 27(2). 211–227. doi: 10.1017/S0142716406060255 2006. Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler, Jason D. Zevin, Suzanne Bick, & Melissa Davis. Influence of consonantal context on the reading of vowels: Evidence from children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 93(1). 1–24. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2005.06.008 2005, November. Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. Long-distance anticipatory effects in spelling-to-sound translation. Paper presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Canada. 2005, July. Bourassa, Derrick C., Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. Use of morphology in spelling by children with dyslexia and typically developing children. Poster presented at the meeting of the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Science (CSBBCS), Montréal, Canada. 2005, June. Hayes, Heather, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. Children use vowels to help them spell consonants. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Toronto, Canada. 2005, June. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman, & Brett Kessler. Beginning spellers exploit inexact letter-name matches. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Toronto, Canada. 2005, April. Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Tatiana Cury Pollo. U.S. and Brazilian preschoolers’ knowledge of letter names: Variability across letters, languages, and children. Paper presented at the symposium Cross-cultural Approaches to Language and Literacy Development, conducted at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Atlanta, GA. 2005. Caravolas, Markéta, Brett Kessler, Charles Hulme & Margaret Snowling. Effects of orthographic consistency, frequency, and letter knowledge on children’s vowel spelling development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 92(4). 307–321. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2005.08.001 2005. Cassar, Marie, Rebecca Treiman, Louisa Moats, Tatiana Cury Pollo< & Brett Kessler. How do the spellings of children with dyslexia compare with those of nondyslexic children? Reading and Writing 18(1). 27–49. doi: 10.1007/s11145-004-2345-x 2005. Hayes, Heather, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. English spelling: Making sense of a seemingly chaotic writing system. The International Dyslexia Association Perspectives on Language and Literacy 31(3). 8–10. 2005. Kessler, Brett. Phonetic comparison algorithms. Transactions of the Philological Society 103(2). 243–260. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-968X.2005.00153.x 2005. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman. Vowels, syllables, and letter names: Differences between young children’s spelling in English and Portuguese. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 92(2). 161–181. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2005.01.006 2005. Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. Writing systems and spelling development. In Margaret J. Snowling & Charles Hulme (eds.), The Science of reading: A handbook, 120–134. Oxford, England: Blackwell. 2004, July. Caravolas, Markéta, Margaret J. Snowling, Charles Hulme & Brett Kessler. How orthographic consistency affects the development of spelling skills in English: Implications for theories of orthographic learning. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2004, July. Kessler, Brett & Annukka Lehtonen. Multilateral comparison and significance testing of the Indo-Uralic question. In Peter Forster & Colin Renfrew (eds.), Phylogenetic methods and the prehistory of languages, 33–42. Cambridge, England: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2006. 2004, June. Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. Sensitivity to statistical contextual patterns when spelling consonants in English. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2004, June. Pollo, Tatiana Cury, Rebecca Treiman & Brett Kessler. Influence of writing systems on young children’s spelling in English and Portuguese. Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2004, June. Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. The case of case: Children’s knowledge and use of upper- and lower-case letters. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2004. Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. The case of case: Children’s knowledge and use of upper- and lowercase letters. Applied Psycholinguistics 25(3). 413–428. doi: 10.1017/S0142716404001195 2003, November. Ashby, Jane, Rebecca Treiman, Brett Kessler & Keith Rayner. Parafoveal processing of vowel contexts: Evidence from eye movements. Poster presented at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Vancouver, Canada. 2003. Kessler, Brett. [Review of the book Time depth in historical linguistics, by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask (eds.)]. Diachronica 20(2). 375–379. doi: 10.1075/dia.20.2.11kes 2003. Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. Is English spelling chaotic? Misconceptions concerning its irregularity. Reading Psychology 24(3–4). 267–289. doi: 10.1080/02702710390227228 2003. Treiman, Rebecca & Brett Kessler. The role of letter names in the acquisition of literacy. In Robert V. Kail (ed.), Advances in child development and behavior, 31, 105–135. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. 2003. Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Suzanne Bick. Influence of consonantal context on the pronunciation of vowels: A comparison of human readers and computational models. Cognition 88(1). 49–78. doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(03)00003-9. 2002, June. Kessler, Brett, Rebecca Treiman, & Suzanne Bick. Use by skilled spellers of context-sensitive patterns: Onsets and codas constrain the spelling of English vowels. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading (SSSR), Chicago, IL. 2002. Kessler, Brett, Rebecca Treiman & John Mullennix. Phonetic biases in voice key response time measurements. Journal of Memory and Language 47(1). 145–171. doi: 10.1006/jmla.2001.2835 2002. Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Suzanne Bick. Context sensitivity in the spelling of English vowels. Journal of Memory and Language 47(3). 448–468. doi: 10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00010-4 2001. Kessler, Brett. The significance of word lists: Statistical tests for investigating historical connections between languages. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. 2001. Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. Relations between sounds and letters in English monosyllables. Journal of Memory and Language 44(4). 592–617. doi: 10.1006/jmla.2000.2745 2001. Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler & Derrick Bourassa. Children’s own names influence their spelling. Applied Psycholinguistics 22(4). 555–570. doi: 10.1017/S0142716401004040 2000. Treiman, Rebecca, Brett Kessler, Stephanie Knewasser, Ruth Tincoff & Margo Bowman. English speakers’ sensitivity to phonotactic patterns. In Michael B. Broe & Janet B. Pierrehumbert (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology V: Acquisition and the Lexicon, 269–282. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1999. Nunberg, Geoffrey D., Jan O. Pedersen, Hinrich Schütze, Brett Kessler & Gregory Grefenstette. Text genre identification. European Patent EP 0 889 417. London, England: European Patent Office. 1997, July. Kessler, Brett, Geoffrey Nunberg & Hinrich Schütze. Automatic detection of text genre. In 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7–12 July, Madrid, 32–38. [San Francisco, CA]: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1997. 1997. Kessler, Brett & Rebecca Treiman. Syllable structure and the distribution of phonemes in English syllables. Journal of Memory and Language 37(3). 295–311. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1997.2522 1995, March. Kessler, Brett. Computational dialectology in Irish Gaelic. In Proceedings of the seventh conference of the European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), 60–66. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1995. 1993, April. Kessler, Brett. Sandhi and syllables in Classical Sanskrit. In Eric Duncan, Donka Farkas & Philip Spaelti (eds.), The proceedings of the Twelfth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 35–50. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 1994. 1992. Kessler, Brett. A spelling corrector for English based on knowledge of sound-spelling correspondence. Paper presented at SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Ambisyllabicity in the language of the Rigveda. External sandhi in Classical Sanskrit. (AM thesis). Includes a computer-verified rule set and program for modeling the sandhi at word boundaries in Sanskrit. Discontinuous constituents in Latin. Subjects of imperatives. On the phonological nature of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals. A spelling corrector incorporating knowledge of English orthography and pronunciation. Regularity in the phonemic subsystem of English spelling: A study of the monosyllables. Generic taxa in Hawaiian. Programs and data files A batch Java program for multilateral comparison to demonstrate historical connections between languages. Includes Swadesh lists for 15 languages. A C program for phonological transformations, with a rule set applying the program to the derivation of surface sandhi forms from underlying Sanskrit representations. CondCons, a C- and Perl-based system for computing conditional consistencies in letter-sound correspondences for monosyllables. AMPR, an automated test instrument in Perl for evaluating the phonological plausibility of young children's spellings. Comparanda used in my dissertation: Swadesh 200 words in Albanian, English, French, German, Hawaiian, Latin, Navajo and Turkish. Data files in support of our paper in Laboratory Phonology V. The Old Saxon Heliand, with some lexical statistics. Derive: Code for testing a suite of diachronic sound changes, and an application deriving Proto-Germanic sounds from Proto-Indo-European. Search searches text corpora for arbitrary regular expressions and produces a report in HTML format. It can read local files, or those available by HTTP or FTP, and it knows how to unpack ZIP files.