* lA`au: land plants `a`ahi Santalum spp. sandalwood `iliahi, `aoa `a`ali`i Dodonaea spp. types of native hardwoods a`e Sapindus saponaria f. inaequalis; Zanthoxylum soapberry (native trees whose seeds are used for leis) mAnele a`e Xylosma hawaiiense native forest tree; used on Maui maua `ae`ae Lycium sandwicense a small native shrub `Akulikuli `ae`ae, `Akulikuli `Ohelo, `Ohelo kai `ae`ae Bacopa monnieria water hyssop, a succulent herb (Ni`ihau) `ahakea Bobea spp. native tree with yellow wood `Ahewahewa Chenopodium oahuense a native shrub used for greens `ahea, `Aheahea, alaweo, `Aweoweo `Ahihi Metrosideros sp2 a low-spreading bush `Ahinahina Argyroxiphium sandwicense silversword plant hinahina `Ahinahina Artemisia australis a spreading shrub used for asthma hinahina a`ia`i Streblus sandwicensis a shrub `aiea Nothocestrum shrubs and trees `aiea Ilex anomala a native holly kAwa`u aka`aka`awa Hillebrandia sandwicensis an endemic begonia (Kaua`i) pua maka nui aka`awa Smilax sandwicensis a climber hoi kuahiwi `Akala Rubus hawaiiensis, Rubus macraei raspberry `Akia Wikstroemia sp2 endemic trees `Akia Solanum nelsoni (Ni`ihau) akiahala Broussaisia arguta small endemic trees kanawao, kupuwao `akiohala Hibiscus youngianus pink-flowered shrub `akoko Euphorbia sp1 endemic tree `akU Cyanea tritomantha endemic lobelia `akU`akU Cyanea rollandioides a lobelia `Akulikuli Sesuvium portulacastrum a coastal herb `Akulikuli Portulaca cyanosperma an herb; succulents in general (Ni`ihau) `Ala`a Planchonella spp. a large tree Aulu, `Ela`a `ala`ala wai nui Peperomia spp.; Plectranthus parviflorus herbs `alaaumoe Cestrum nocturnum Chinese inkberry kUpaoa `alaea Bixa orellana annato dye plant kUmauna alahe`e Canthium odoratum small tree `Ohe`e alani Pelea sandwicensis an O`ahu tree alena Boerhaavia repens a lowland perennial weed ali`ipoe Canna indica ornamental cannas li`ipoe & aloalo Hibiscus spp. hibiscus hae hawai`i Alula Brighamia sp1 a lobelia hAhA `Anapanapa Colubrina asiatica Hawaiian soap plant kauila `Anapanapa, kukuku, kolokolo Anini Eurya sandwicensis tea tree `Anunu Sicyos sp1 cucurbit vines aoaoa Wikstroemia sp1 small seaside shrub, a type of `Akia `Apane Metrosideros sp1 kind of lehua `ape Alocasia macrorrhiza; Xanthosoma robustum large taro-like plants `ape`ape Gunnera spp. large herbs hAhA au Hedyotis acuminata a shrub `auhuhu Tephrosia purpurea a legume `auhola, hola `auko`i Cassia occidentalis coffee senna `au`auko`i, mikipalaoa Aulu Pisonia sandwicensis tall tree `awa Piper methysticum kava `awapuhi Zingiber zerumbet; Z. officinale; Hedychium coronarium; H. flavescens; Phaeomeria speciosa; Catimbium speciosum; Alpinia purpurata wild ginger `awapuhi-a-Kanaloa Liparis hawaiensis an orchid `Awikiwiki Canavalia spp. a vine `Awiwi Centaurium sebaeoides a gentian herb `ena`ena Gnaphalium cudweed pUheu hA Eugenia sandwicensis a fruit tree pA`ihi, `Ohi`a hA hae Dianthus caryophyllus various flowers hAhA Clermontia clermontioides; Cyanea leptostegia; C. horrida lobelias & ha`iwale Cyrtandra spp. slender shrubs hala Pandanus odoratissimus; pepe=Dracaena spp. trees hame Antidesma spp. trees ha`A, ha`Amaile. hamehame, mehame hao Rauvolfia small trees hau Hibiscus tiliaceus; hele `ula=Kokia spp.; kuahiwi=Hibiscadelphus small trees koki`o hinahina Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum; Geranium spp.; kahakai=Nama sandwicensis a heliotrope; geraniums nohonoho pu`uone; nohoanu hO`awa Pittosporum tree hA`awa hO`ehapu`uwai Clerodendrum thomsonae bleeding heart vine hoi Dioscorea bulbifera bitter yam pi`oi hOlei Ochrosia compta small tree honohina Gynandropsis gynandra wild spiderflower `ili`ohu honohono Haplostachys haplostachya a native mint hOpue Urera sandvicensis var. kauaiensis tree hona, Opuhe hOwai-a-ulu Lagenophora maviensis a perennial herb huahekili Scaevola kilaueae a beech papa`ahekili hua`hu`akO Rumex albescens a dock huapala Pyrostegia venusta orange trumpet vine hua`ula`ula Adenanthera pavonina red sandalwood tree huehue Cocculus ferrandianus a climber huelo`Ilio Buddleja asiatica lilac-like shrub hulumoa Korthalsella spp. Hawaiian mistletoes kaumahana hunakai Ipomea stolonifera white-flowered beach morning-glory `ie`ie Freycinetia arborea a woody climber `ie `ihi Oxalis spp.; lA`au=Marsilea villosa sorrels `ihi`ihi-i-one Coronopus didymus a mustard plant iliau Wilkesia gymnoxiphium a woody plant `ilie`e Plumbago zeylanica wild plumbago `ilihe`e, hilie`e, lauhihi `ilihia Cyrtandra begoniaefolia a plant `ilima Sida spp. shrubs ilioha Conyza spp. horseweeds `Inika Basella alba Malabar nightshade `io Lagenaria siceraria v a gourd (type of ipu) ipu Lagenaria siceraria, L. vulgaris bottle gourd kA`e`e Mucuna gigantea a sea bean (a vine) kAhili Lagerstroemia indica crape myrtle kA `i`iwi Strongylodon ruber a climber nuku `i`iwi kAkalaioa Caesalpinia major; C. bonduc gray nickers, yellow nickers hihikolo kalo Colocasia esculenta taro (300 varieties) kAmakahala Labordia spp. forest trees kAmanamana Adenostemma lavenia a weedy plant kamani Calophyllum inophyllum a large tree kamanu kama-pua`a Hedyotis fluviatilis var. kamapuaana a shrub kAmole Ludwigia octivalvis primrose willow kAmole Polygonum glabrum a knotweed kauila Alphitonia ponderosa, Colubrina oppositifolia a buckthorn tree o`a kaulu Pteralyxia small trees kauna`oa Cuscuta sandwichiana; penu=Cassytha filiformis a native dodder of the morning-glory family; a greenish-yellow dodder vine kAwa'u Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. a tree hea`e keahi Nesoluma polynesicum a tree kI Cordyline terminalis ti kIkAnia Xanthium spp.; lei=Solanum aculeatissimum cockleburs; a nightshade kio`ele Hedyotis coriacea a shrub kIponapona Phyllostegia racemosa a climbing shrub kIpUkai Heliotropium curassavicum seaside heliotropenena, po`opo`ohina kO Saccharum officinarum sugar cane (40 var.) koa Acacia koa large forest tree koai`e Acacia koaia smaller tree koai`a koali `ai=Ipomoea cairica var. hederacea; `awa=I. indica a morning-glory kOI Coprosma kauensis a small tree koki`o Hibiscus kokio; ke`oke`o=H. arnottianus, H. waimeae hibiscus aloalo, mAkU kOlea Myrsine spp. trees koli`i Trematolobelia macrostachys a lobelia shrub & kolokolo Vitex ovata, Lysimachia daphnoides, L. hillebrandii any creeping vine kolU Acacia farnesiana a thorny shrub ko`oko`olau Bidens spp. beggar ticks (plants) ko`olau, kOko`olau ko`oloa `ula=Abutilon menziesii a hoary shrub kopa Hedyotis glaucifolia a Kaua`i shrub kOpiko Psychotria spp. trees `Opiko kou Cordia subcordata a tree kuhi-`i-ka-mo`o-wahie Lobelia hypoleuca a lobelia liua, mo`owahie kUkaemoa Pelea clusiaefolia subsp. sapotaefolia a Kaua`i tree kukui Aleurites moluccana candlenut tree kukuna-o-ka-lA Bruguiera gymnorhiza mangrove kulu`I Nototrichium spp. small trees kUpala Sicyos pachycarpa a gourd lama Diospyros spp. ebony lapalapa Cheirodendron mountain trees ehu, kauila mAhu, mAhu, `Olapa, `Olapalapa lau`awa Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax pagoda flower laukahi Plantago major broad-leafed plantain kUhEkili laukahi Hydrocotyle verticillata marsh pennywort pohe, pohepohe laukalakoa Breynia disticha snowbush laukea Claoxylon sandwicense var. tomentosum; C. sandwicense var. degeneri; C. helleri a small tree on Kaua`i laukI Cassia leschenaultiana a small shrub laulele Asclepias curassavica butterfly weed or milkweed lauhele, pua `anuhe laulihilihi Schiedea stellarioides a slender shrub lehua Metrosideros macropus, M. collina subsp. polymorpha, M. tremuloides, M. pumila, M. rugosa; mau loa=Gomphrena globosa flower tree; globe amaranth lei-o-Hi`iaka Pelea elliptica, et al. a small tree lEkO Nasturtium microphyllum watercress lepe-a-moa Celosia argentea var. cristata cockscomb lihilihi kakahiaka Euphorbia hirta hairy spurge (plant) liko FhMusa troglodytarum a Tahitian banana liliwai Acaena exigua a bog herb lonomea Sapindus oahuensis a tree Aulu loulu Pritchardia spp. fan palms ma`aloa Neraudia melastomaefolia a low shrub `oloa, ma`oloa mAhoe Alectryon macrococcum, A. mahoe trees mai`a Musa paradisiaca banana (50 var.) maiapilo Capparis sandwichiana a low shrub pilo maile Alyxia olivaeformis; pilau=Paederia foetida a shrub; stink vine mAkole Nertera granadensis var. insularis a succulent herb makou Ranunculus spp.; Peucedanum sandwicense buttercup; a pursley mAmaki Pipturus spp. small trees waimea mAmane Sophora chrysophylla a leguminous tree manena Pelea hawaiensis vars. a small tree manene Plantago grayana var. grayana; P. krajini a small plantain ma`o Gossyppium sandvicense; Abutilon incanum; hau hele=Hibiscus brackenridgei native cotton; a velvety shrub; yellow hibiscus huluhulu mA`ohi`ohi Stenogyne rugosa a mint mApele Cyrtandra cyaneoidea a shrub maunaloa Dioclea wilsonii a sea bean mEhamehame Neowawraea phyllanthoides a tree mikinalo Drosera anglica sundew (a bog plant) milo Thespesia populnea a tree moa Psilotum nudum, P. complanatum tufted plants pipi mOhihi Stenogyne scrophularioides a mint mohihihi Vigna marina a leguminous vine lemuomakili. nanea, `Okolemakili, pUhilihili, pUlihilihi, wahine`Oma`o mokihana Pelea anisata; kUkae moa=P. hawaiensis v1 a tree na`ena`e Dubautia shrubs naio Myoporum sandwicense bastard sandalwood nani Wai-`ale`ale Viola kauaensis a violet kalili, liliwai, pohe hiwa naupaka kahakai=Scaevola taccada shrubs nehe Lipochaeta spp. shrubs in daisy family neleau Rhus sandwicensis Hawaiian sumach neneleau nIoi Eugenia sp1 a tree niu Cocos nucifera coconut (2 var.) nohu Tribulus cistoides a hairy perennial nohunohu noni Morinda citrifolia; M. trimera, M. sandwicensis Indian mulberry `ohai Sesbania tomentosa; Albizia lebbeck a legume `OhA kEpau=Clermontia hawaiiensis a gum tree `OhAhA wai nui, `OhA wai nui `ohe Reynoldsia sandwicensis; kiko`olA=Tetraplasandra waimeae; mauka=T. oahuensis; naupaka=Scaevola glabra, S. kauaiensis an araliad tree `ohe`ohe `Ohelo Vaccinium reticulatum, V. spp.; kau lA`au=V. calycinum; papa=Fragaria chiloensis var. sandwicensis a cranberry shrub, sacred to Pele; strawberry `ohe`ohe Tetraplasandra kavaiensis tall trees `Ohi`a `ai=Eugenia malaccensis mountain apple `Olena Curcuma domestica turmeric `Olena Coprosma waimeae a small mountain tree olomea Perrottetia sandwicensis a small tree waimea olonA Touchardia latifolia a shrub `olopU Viola chamissoniana a shrubby violet pAmakani olopua Osmanthus sandwicensis a tree pua, ulupua `Olulu Brighamia insignis a lobelia pU aupaka pa`iniu Astelia spp. Hawaiian lilies pakaha Lepechinia hastata a mint herb pakai Amaranthus dubius, A. viridis; A. spinosus amaranth `Aheahea, pakapakai pAmakani Viola chamissioniana; mAhU=Phyllanthus sandwicensis shrubs pAnaunau Lobelia yuccoides a plant panunukuahiwi Sicyos cucumerinus a gourd pApala Charpenteria spp.; Pisonia shrubs pA`U-o-Hi`iaka Jacquemontia sanwicensis a beach vine kAkua-o-Hi`iaka pAwale Rumex giganteus, R. skottsbergii a dock pia Tacca leontopetaloides Polynesian arrowroot pi`a Dioscorea pentaphylla a yam pikakani Crotalaria pallida a rattlebix (legume) pilikai Stictocordia tiliaefolia, Merremia tuberosa a vine pilo Hedyotis sp1; Coprosma sp1; kea=Platydesma spathulata; kea lau li`i=P. rostratum shrubs, small trees pipili Drymaria cordata a herb pilipili po`e Portulaca sclerocarpa a purslane pOhuehue Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis beach morning-glory pOniu Cardiospermum halicacabum balloon vine po`olA Claoxylon sandwicense; nui=Bidens cosmoides small trees pOpolo Solanum nigrum; Cyanea solanacea; -`ai-a-ke-akua=Solanum kauaiense; kU mai=Phytolacca sandwicensis, Solanum incompletum var. mauiense black nightshade; a lobelia; pokeberry pua`ainaka Stenogyne rotundifolia a mint plant puahekili Lysimachia hillebrandii a loosetrife (plant) pua kala Argemone glauca; Cyanea solenocalyx beach poppy; a prickly lobelia pualele Emilia fosbergii a weed pua-o-ka-lani Eclipta alba false daisy pua-o-kama Sicyos niihauensis a gourd pUkiawe Styphelia spp. shrubs `a`ali`i mahu, kAnehoa, kAwa`u, maiele, pUpUkiawe uahi-a-pele Pelea barbigera a tree `uala Ipomoea batatas sweet potato (200 var.) uhi Dioscorea alata yam uhiuhi Mezoneuron kauaiense a legume tree `uiwi Hedyotis cookiana an undershrub `uki`uki Dianella sandwicensis a lily `Ulei Osteomeles anthyllidifolia a spreading shrub, edible berries eluehe ulihi Phyllostegia glabra a small mint shrub `ulu Artocarpus altilis breadfruit (1 var.) wahine noho kula Isodendrion hawaiiense a shrub in the violet family wauke Broussonetia papyrifera paper mulberry wI Spondias dulcis a tree in mango family wiliwili Erythrina sandwicensis a leguminous tree ** kupukupu: ferns, class Filicinae `ae Polypodium pellucidum a native fern of Kilauea `Ahewa Pteris irregularis a native fern (P`ahu) mAnA `Ahina kuahiwi Cyrtomium caryotideum a fern kA`ape`ape `Akaha Asplenium nidus bird's-nest fern `Ekaha `akole Dryopteris unidentata endemic fern `AkOlea Athyrium microphyllum a native fern `ama`u Sadleria sp1 edible tree ferns ma`u, ma`uma`u `anali`i Asplenium lobulatum a fern pi`ipi`ilaumanamana `apu`u Sadleria squarrosa a fern haili-O-Pua Schizaea robusta a small fern `oAli`i` makali`i hApu`u Cibotium sp1; `i`i=C. chamissoi, Dryopteris paleacea var. fusco-atra a tree fern hApu`u pulu; `i`i hihiawai Ceratopteris thalictroides swamp fern hi`ui`a Nephrolepis biserrata cv. furcans a sword fern hohiu Dryopteris glabra a fern hO`i`o Diplazium spp.; -kula=Dryopteris stegnogrammoides an edible fern pohole `i`o nui Dryopteris parallelogramma a fern `iwa Asplenium horridum a fern `alae `iwa`iwa Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, lau li`i=A. macraei, Adiantum, hAuli=A. tenerum, hAwai=A. capillus-veneris, `Api`ipi`i=A. tenerum f. farleyense; -a-kAne=A. rhipidoneuron; lau nui=Tectaria gaudichaudii, Doryopteris sp3 maidenhair ferns kalamoho Pellaea ternifolia cliffbrake, a fern ka`upu Polystichum hillebrandii a fern papa`oi kihe Xiphopteris saffordii a fern kikawaiO Cyclosorus cyatheoides an edible fern pakikawaiO kIlau Pteridium aquilinum var. decompositum bracken or brake (a fern) kUau Asplenium kaulfussii a fern kumuniu Doryopteris sp1 a fern kupukupu Nephrolepsis exaltata; N. duffii; Pelargonium graveolens; Thelypteris boydiae a sword fern, rose geranium ni`ani`au, palapalai, `Okupukupu laua`e Phymatosorus scolopendria a fragrant fern lau`i`i Doodia spp. a fern laukahi li`ili`i=Elaphoglossum sp1; nunui=Elaphoglossum aemulum v2 a sword-shaped fern laukUkahi Lindsaya macraena a fern lola Asplenium acuminatum a native fern lo`ulu Coniogramme pilosa a fern mahinalua Grammitis tenella a creeping fern makou Botrychium subbifoliatum a fern mAku`e Elaphoglossum hirtum var. micans; Grammitis hookeri a fern mana Hypolepis punctata a fern olua manawahua Doryopteris sp2 a fern `iwa`iwa neke Cyclosorus interruptus a fern `Oali Pteris cretica Cretan barke, a fern `oAli`i Asplenmium trichomanes maidenhair spleenwort, a fern `Ohi`akU Mecodium recurvuum a filmy fern `opeha Elaphoglossum aemulum v1 a fern pai Adenophorus hymenophylloides a bracken fern huna palai, palai huna pai`i`ihA Dryopteris dentata an oblong fern pAkahakaha Pleopeltis thunbergiana a fern `Ekaha `AkOlea, puaakuhinia pala Marattia douglasii a fern pala`A Sphenomeris chinensis var. chusana lace fern palapala`A, pA`U-o-pala`e palai Microlepia setosa; Vandenboschia davallioides; Sphaerocionium lanceolatum; S. obtusum; Adenophorus pinnatifidis ferns palapalai palapalai Pityrogramma calomelanos; -a-Kamapua`a=Dryopteris globulifera; `aumakua=D. crinalis var. tripinnata; lau li`i=Diellia pumila ferns pAmoho Asplenium unilaterale a creeping fern pauoa Dryopteris squamigera a fern pe`ahi Microsorium spectrum a fern pololei Ophioglossum concinnum adder's-tongue fern puapuamoa Ophioglossum pendulum am adder's-tongue fern pUnanamanu Asplenium caudatum a fern uluhe Dicranopteris, Hicriopteris, Sticherus false staghorn fern wahine noho mauna Adenophorus tamariscinus a fern waimakanui Thelypteris keraudreniana; Pteris excelsa ferns ala`alai ** mau`u: sedges, grasses `ahaniu Machaerina masriscoides subsp. meyenii a native sedge (type of `uki) `ahu`awa Cyperus javanicus, C. hypochlorus a sedge with brown or green flowers `ehu`awa `Anaunau Lepidium bidentatum var. o-waihiense peppergrass `emoloa Eragrostis variabilis a grass kalamAlO, kAwelu he`upueo Agrostis avenacea; Panicum heupueo a reedlike grass honohono Commelina diffusa; kukui=Oplismenus hirtellus wandering Jew; basket grass mAkolokolo huelopOpoki Andropogon sericeus Australian bluegrass (Ni`ihau) kAkonakona Panicum torridum a grass kAmanomano Cenchrus agrimonioides a grass kUmanomano kili`o`opu Cyperus rotundus, C. kyllinga, C. brevifolius grasslike sedges, nut grass, etc. kohekohe Eleocharis spp. sedges pIpIwai konakona Panicum nephelophilum a tufted grass kUkaepua`a Digitaria pruriens, D. violascens a creeping grass, crab grass, a kind of mau`u kuolohia Rhynchospora spp. sedges lau`ehu Panicum niihauense a Ni`ihau grass lUkini Cymbopogon citratus lemon grass makaloa Cyperus laevigatus a perennial sedge makoloa mAnienie `aki`aki=Sporobolus virginicus; ali`i=Eleusine indica; mahiki=Cymbopogon refractus grasses mau`u `aki`aki=Fimbristylis pycnocephala; aloalo=Echinochloa colonum; lA`ili=Sisyrinchiumacre sedge, grasses, an iris mau`u hO`ula `ili nAnaku Scirpus validus great bulrush `aka`akai, neki `ohe Isachne distichophylla; Joinvillea ascendens; Hawai`i=Schizostachyum glaucifolium, Bambusa vulgaris a grass; bamboos pili Heteropogon contorus; uka=Trisetum glomeratum a grass pU`ohe`ohe Coix lachryma-jobi Job's-tears pu`uka`a Cyperus ferax var. auriculatus a sedge mau`u pu`ula`a, pUko`a, pu`uko`a `uki - coarse native sedges of several genera `uki`uki Vicentia sp. a lily-like sedge `ume`alu Cenchrus echinatus bur grass mau`u kukU * limu: water-plants, mosses, lichens, algae `a`ala`ula Codium sp1 a velvety-green, succulent seaweed (food) wAwae`iole `Akala Sargassum echinocarpum long brown seaweed, edible kala `aki`aki Ahnfeltia concinna coarse red seaweed `eleau alani Dictyota spp. brown seaweeds `Api`ipi`i Amansia glomerata? a seaweed `eleao Gnomonia iliau a sugar-cane fungus `ele`ele Enteromorpha prolifera green seaweeds pIpIlani hAwane Polysiphonia sp1 a red seaweed hinahina Tillandsia usneoides Florida moss `Ahinahina, `umi`umi-o-Dole ho`onunu Laurencia obtusa var. racemosa a seaweed hUai Codium sp2 a seaweed hulu (`Ilio) Centroceras clavulatum; Ectocarpus spp.; Stigeoclonium amoenum; Chaetomorphia antennina; Sphacelaria tribuloides; Polysiphonia sp2 seaweeds huluhulu waena=Grateloupia filicina a dark-red seaweed huna Hypnea sp1 red seaweeds kAhili Turbinaria ornata seaweed kauna`oa Galaxaura rugosa a coarse seaweed kauno`a kaupau Chnoospora pacifica an edible brown seaweed kAwelu Wrangelia penicillata? a seaweed kihe Chylocladia sp. a red seaweed kilihune Hypnea cervicornis a seaweed kO`ele`ele Gymogongrus spp. edible red seaweed kua`ala Peltigera polydactyla var. dolichorhiza a lichen lepelepe-a-moa Selaginella arbusculla small club mosses lepe-o-Hina Halymenia formosa a red seaweed lehelehe`Ilio limu alolo Potamogeton pectinatus a limu (limu) haea Sterocaulon sp. a lichen (lima) hA`ula Martensia fragilis red seaweed limu kA-kanaka Nostoc commune a blue-green alga (limu) kohu Asparagopsis taxiformis a succulent seaweed (limu) loloa Gelidium spp.; Pterocladia capillacea edible red seaweeds lIpahapaha Ulva fasciata, Monostroma oxyspermum sea lettuce (seaweed) `Ilioha`a, lIpaha, lIpAlahalaha, pahapaha, pakaiea, pAlahalaha & lIpAlAwai Pithophora spp., Stigeoclonium spp., Hydrodictyon, Spirogyra spp. algae lIpala`O, nehe, pala`O, pAlAwai lIpe`epe`e Lauremcia parvipapillata, L. dotyi, L. succisa edible red seaweeds `Ape`epe`e, ho`onunu, lIpe`e, pe`epe`e lIpoa Dictyopteris plagiogramma, D. australis brown seaweeds lIpu`upu`u Valonia utricularis am edible geen seaweed mAkOpi`i Thuidium hawaiense a moss manauea Gracilaria coronopifolia a small red seaweed mAne`one`o Laurencia nidifica an edible seaweed mo`opuna-a-ka-lI-poa Griggithsia sp. a fine red seaweed nehe Spirogyra spp. pond scums limu kalawai, lIpala`O, lIpAlAwai, pala`O, pAlAwai `Okala Galaxaura sp1 a small red seaweed pAkalakala `o`olu Champia sp., Chondria tenuissima edible red seaweeds pahapaha kuahiwi=Dumortiera sp. liverwort pAhe`ehe`e Porphyra sp. a solid seaweed lIpahe`e, lIpahe`ehe`e, lIpAhoe, pahe`e, limu lU`au pA`ihi Nasturtium sarmentosum a watercress-like weed palewAwae Padina commersonii, P. vickersiae brown seaweeds pepeiao (akua) Auricularia auricula Jew's-ear (tree fungus) pohApohA Dictyosphaeria cavernosa a green seaweed pUhA Colpomenia sinuosa a brown seaweed pUko`ako`a Halimeda sp. a green seaweed unahe Parmelia perlata a foliose lichen wAwae`iole Lycopodium cernuum, et al. a club moss * holoholona v'brate: land animals `Ilio Canis familiaris dog `iole Rattus exulans rat pua`a Sus pig * holoholona inv'brate: land animals `aha order Diplopoda millipede ana`uku fam. Pseudococcidae, fam. Eriococcidae mealybug `elelU fam. Blattidae cockroaches kala wela Herse cingulata? sweet potato sphinx moth la`aloa Supella supellectilium, Blatella germanica, Symploce hospes small cockroaches lepelepe-o-Hina Danaus plexippus monarch butterfly lepe-o-Hina mo`o subord. Sauria lizard & nalo Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia irritans, Sceliphron caementarium, fam. Hippoboscidae; fam. Evaniidae, fam. Calliphoridae two-winged insects nananana Araneida spider naonao fam. Formicidae ant, termite nonanona pe`elua Cirphis unipuncta army worm pinao subord. Anisoptera dragonfly pokipoki Isopoda sow bug, pill bug poko Agrotis ypsilon, Lycophotia margaritosa greasy cutworm pOnalo Drosophila, et al. plant lice, gnats, small flies pulelehua Vanessa tameamea Ka-mehameha butterfly `Uhini fam. Tettigoniidae, fam. Grillidae longhorn grasshopper, cricket; beetle, locust `uku lele=Siphonaptera; kapa=Pediculus humanus humanus; lio=Cimex lectularius; papa=Phthirus pubis; pepa=Atropus divinatoria; po`o=Pediculus humanus capitus; pua`a=Haematopinus suis louse, flea * manu: birds `A Sula sula rubripes; Sula leucogaster plotus; Sula dactylatra personata booby `a`a ae`o Himantopus mexicanus knudseni Hawaiian stilt bird, endemic kukuluae`o `akakane Loxops coccinea coccinea honey creeper `Akepa `akeke`e Loxops coccinea caeruleirostris a honey creeper; a type of `Akepa `O`Uholowai `akekeke Arenaria interpres ruddy turnstone bird keke `akepeu`ie Loxops coccinea rufa; L. coccinea ochracea honey eater `akialoa Hemignathus obscurus honey creeper; source of green feathers `akikiki Loxops maculata bairdi endemic Kaua`i creeper `Akohekohe Palmeria dolei crested honey creeper `alae Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis; kea=Fulica americana alai mudhen; coot `alalA Corvus tropicus Hawaiian crow; source of black feathers `alauahio Loxops maculata honey creeper `amakihi Loxops virens honey creepers; source of green feathers `Amaui Phaeornis obscurus oahuensis a thrush Oma`o, oloma`o `anianiau Loxops parva honey creeper `a`o Puffinus puffinis newelli Newell's puffin li`o `apapane Himatione sanguinea honey creeper (source of feathers for leis) `akakane `Apekepeke Chasiempis sandwichensis sclateri Kaua`i `elepaio (flycatcher) `auku`u Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli black-crowned night heron `ewa`ewa Sterna fuscata oahuensis sooty tern hOpue Psittirostra palmeri orange finch hunakai Calidris alba sanderling (a sandpiper) `i`iwi Vestiaria coccinea scarlet Hawaiiam honey creeper (source of red feathers) `iwi, olokele `io Buteo solitarius Hawaiian hawk `iwa Fregata minor palmerstoni frigate bird; source of black feathers kAkAwahie Loxops maculata flammea Moloka`i creeper (bird) kAma`o Phaeornis obscurus myadestina a thrush ka`upu Diomedea immutabilis? Laysan albatross kioea Numenius tahitiensis bristle-thighed curlew (bird) kioea Chaetoptila angustipluma a honeyeater koa`e Phaethon lepturus dorotheae, P. rubricauda rothschildi tropic bird; source of white feathers kOlea Pluvialis dominica Pacific golden plover koloa Anas spp. duck kukuluae`o Himantopus himantopus Hawaiian stilt bird ae`o lupe`akeke Oceanodroma castro cryptoleucura Hawaiian stormy petrel oeoe, `akE`akE mamo Drepanis pacifica black Hawaiian honey creeper (source of yellow feathers) hoa manu-o-kU Cygis alba rothschildi white tern moa Gallus gallus chicken moho Pennula sandwichensis Hawaiian rail, a flightless bird mOlI Diomedia immutabilis Laysan albatross nEnE Branta sandvicensis Hawaiian goose noio Anous tenuirostrus melanogenys, A. stolidus pileatus noddy tern (bird) `eki`eki, laehina nuku pu`u Hemignathus lucidus lucidus, H. lucidus hanapepe, H. lucidus affinis, H. wilsoni Hawaiian honey creepers `akihi po`o lA`au oloma`o Phaeornis obscura lanaiensis, P. obscura rutha thrushes `Oma`o Phaeornis obscurus obscurus Hawai`i thrush `O`O Moho nobilis, M. bishopi, M. apicalis; `A`A=M. braccatus black honey eater `O`U Psittirostra psittacea a finchlike Hawaiian honey creeper; source of green feathers pAkalakala Sterna lunata gray-backed tern palila Psittirostra bailleui, P. kona a honey creeper `Ope`ape`a Lasiurus cinereus bat pe`a, pe`ape`a, `Ape`ape`a puaiohi Phaeornis palmeri a thrush pueo Asio lammeus sandwichensis Hawaiian short-eared owl `ua`u Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis; kani=Puffinus pacificus chlororhyncus dark-rumped petrel; wedge-tailed shearwater bird `ula-`ai-hA-wane Ciridops anna small red Hawaiian honey creeper `Ulili Heteroscelus incanum wandering tattler (bird) * i`a inv'brate: water creatures `a`ama Grapsus grapsus tenuicrustatus a large black edible crab `ahahuluhulu Eurythoe complanata bristle worm, a hairy sea creature `AkOlea Epitonium perplexum a small mollusk `ala`eke Portunus sp1 an edible crab `alakuma Carpilius maculatus a large crab `alamihi Metopograpsus thukuhar black crab `elemihi, `elepI, kUkUau Alealea Turbo sandwicensis a shellfish, common turbo shell `alIlea, pUpU mahina `Alinalina Cellana sandwicensis limpet aloalo Pseudosquilla ciliata; Lysiosquilla maculata; Squilla squilla (shrimp) `ana Leiodermatium a sponge `aoa Melampus castaneus small shellfish maka`aoa `Aunauna Nassa serta a gastropod au-wa`a-lA-lua Argonauta argo paper nautilus `Ekaha Antipathes grandis black coral `elekuma fam. Xanthidae small crab hAhAlua Manta alfredi Manta ray hihimanu, lupe hA`ue`ue Heterocentrotus mammillatus slate pencil sea urchin hA`uke`uke Colobocentrotus atratus sea urchin hAwa`e Tripneustes gratilla pincushion urchin he`e Polypus sp. octopus hIhImanu fam. Dasyatidae; Actobatus narinari sting rays, eagle rays hIhIwai Neritina granosa; N. vespertina grainy snail (fresh or saltwater) hapawai hinihini Succinea casta a landshell honu Chelonia mydas turtle `ina Echinometra spp. small sea urchin kAhuli Philonesia spp. land shells kanaloa fam. Phasianelidae a sea shell kaulanamUhe`e Euprymna scolopes a squid kauna`oa fam. Vermetidae a mollusk kio, una`oa kio nahawele=Brachidontes cerebristianus a mussel koholua Terebra spp. a long shellfish kuapo`i Umbraculum sinicum a sea mollusk kUhonu Portunus sanguinolentus a spotted-back crab kUmimi Lophozozymus intonsus, Petrolisthes coccineus, Lybia tesselata small crabs kumulIpoa Simocarcinus simplex a crab & leho Cypraea mauritiana, C. maculifera, C. caput-serpentis, C. cicercula, C. granulata, C. helvola, C. schilderdrum, C. carneola, C. moneta cowries limu-make-o-hAna Palythoa sp. a coelenterate loli Holothuria spp., Chiridota rigida sea slug maka`Aloa Macrophthalmus telescopicus a small reddish crab `Aloa makahAlili Peasiella tantilla a marine shell makaiauli Cellana exarata a limpet makaloa Thais intermedia, Drupa morum shellfish with long sharp edges mU Dynomene hispida a crab mUhe`e Sepioteuthus arctipinnis cuttlefish, squid naka Thaumatodon nesophilia, Nesophila thaanumi, N. nesodonta, Pleurobranchus a land shell, mollusk & naunau Cymatium muricinum, C. gemmatum, C. pileare, Bursa granularis shellfish `Anaunau `Ohiki Ocypode ceratophthalma, O. laevis sand crab `Okupe Spondylus tenebrosus a bivalve, a small mother-of-pearl shell pUpU momi `olE Charonia tritonis conch pU & `Olepe class Bivalvia any bivalve (mussel, clams, oyster) `Olepe makaloa=Martesia striata; pApaua=Barbatia divaricata; waha nui=Gastrochaena cuneiformis mollusks `Opae hua=Palaemon, huna=P. debilis, -kala-`ole=Atya bisulcata, lOlO=Penaeus marginatus, `oeha`a=Macrobrachium grandimanus, et al.; `oeha`a=Matapograpsus thukuhar shrimp; a crab `Ope`ape`a class Asteroidea starfish pe`a & `opihi Cellana talcosa, C. sandwicensis, C. exarata limpets pA Pinctada margaritifera mother-of-pearl shell pa`imalau Physalia Portuguese man-of-war po`imalau pApa`i subord. Brachyura crab pe`eone Hippa pacifica a sand crab pipi Pinctada radiata Hawaiian pearl oyster pipipi Theodoxus neglectus, et al.; kOlea=Littorina pintado, L. scabra; ihiloa=Planaxis labiosus small mollusks, periwinkle (sea snail) `AKOlea, kOlealea pokipoki Calappa hepatica a box-crab pololei Lamellaxis sp1 a land shell pololia - jellyfish puhi order Apodes; ao=Muraena pardalis; hApala=Gymnothorax pictus; lA`au=Myrichthys maculosus; lau milo=Lycodontis undulatus; `Oni`o=Lycodontis meleagris; `ou=Gymnothorax petelli; paka=Lycodontis flavimarginatus; UhA=Conger cinereus eels pUpU `alA=Conus sp.; alapa`i=Epitonium sp1; au=Drupa ricinas, Purpura aperta; kani oe=Partulina physa; koa`e=Succinea olaaensis; kOlea uka=Partulina confusa; kua mauna=Lamellaxis oparanum; kui=Natica gualteriana; kupa=Trachycardium orbita, Periglypta reticulata; leholeho=Cypraea moneta; lei `aha`aha=Mitra litterata; lei hala=Hydatina amplustre, Bursa granularis; maka `aha=Rhinoclavis sinensis, Cerithium nesioticum; maka `awa=Morula granulata; mamaiki=Strombus maculatus; -o-hA`upu=Trochus histrio; `olE=Terebra maculata, Pyramidella sulcata; `olE kiwi=Cymatium muricinum; `Olepe=Tapes japonica; `Onohi awa=Haminoea sp.; pani=Janthina fragilis; pe`elua=Acanthochiton viridis; puhi=Solarium sp.; waha loa=Bulla sp. shells ula Panulirus marginatus, P. penicillatus; pApapa=Parribacus amtarcticis spiny lobster; a gray crayfish `unae Stichopus chloronotes lumpy sea cucumber `Upalu Opheodesoma spectabilis sea cucumber wana Diadema paucispinum, Echinothrix diadema, et al. sea urchin * i`a v'brate: water creatures `a`awa Bodianus bilunulatus Hawaiian hogfish po`ou `aha fam. Belonidae needlefish `ahamele - a yellow-spotted needlefish `ahi Thunnus spp. tuna (yellowfin, bigeye) Ahole Kuhli sandvicensis an endemic fish, Hawaiian flagtail `akilolo Gomphosus varius a wrasse fish aku Katsuwonus pelamis bonito, skipjack fish akule Trachurops crumenophthalmus big-eyed scad fish `ala`ihi fam. Holocentridae squirrelfishes `alamo`o Lentipes concolor an `o`opu fish `Alo`ilo`i Dascyllus albisella damselfish lo`ilo`i, pa`apa`a `ama`ama Mugil cephalus mullet a`u fam. Istiophoridae swordfish, sailfish, amrlin, spearfish awa Chanos chanos milkfish `Aweoweo Priacanthus spp. bigeye fishes `ea Chelone imbricata Hawksbill turtle hApu`u Epinephelus quernus grouper fish hAuliuli Gempylus serpens snake mackerel hilu Coris spp1 reef fishes hInAlea fam. Labridae wrasses hou Thalassoma spp. wrasse fishes humuhumu Melichthys spp., Sufflamen spp., Rhinecanthus spp., Balistes bursa triggerfish `iao Pranesus insularum silversides fish `i`iao, `iomo iheihe Hemirampus depauperatus halfbeak kAhala Seriola spp. amberjack, yellowtail kAkU Sphyraema barracuda barracuda kala Naso spp. surgeonfish, unicorn fish kamanu Elagatis bipinnulatus amberfish=rainbow runner=sea salmon kaumakanui Mola mola v1 ocean sunfish (type of kUnehi?) kawakawa Euthynnus yaito bonito kihikihi Zanclus cornutus Moorish idol (fish) kIkAkapu Chaetodon, Cheilodactylus butterfly fishes koa`e Etelis carbunculus a snapper koholA Cetacea whale, esp. humpbacked kOkala Diodon hystrix, D. holocanthus, Cheilomycterus affinis porcupine fish kole Ctenochaetus strigosus surgeonfish kUmU Paruupeneus porphyreus goatfish kUnehi Ranzania laevis, Mola mola, Masturus lanceolatus ocean sunfish kUpe`e Nerita polita an edible marine snail kUpIpI Abudefduf sordidus a reef fish laenihi Hemipteronotus spp., Iniistius spp. high-headed labroid fishes lai Scomberoides spp. fishes lA`Ipala Zebrasoma flavescens a bright-yellow reef fish lau`Ipala, laukIpala lA`O Halichoeres ornatissimus a greenish fish lauhau Chaetodon quadrimaculatus, C. umimaculatus bright butterfly fish lauia Scarus dubius a parrotfish lauwiliwili Chaetodon miliaris; Forcipiger longirostris, F. flavissimus a butterfly fish leleiona fam. Echeneidae remora loloa`u Dactyloptena orientalis flying gurnard (fish) pinao loulu Alutera monoceros a fish mahaha fam. Acanthuridae surgeonfish mahimahi Coryphaena hippurus dolphin mA`i`i`i Acanthurus nigrofuscus a surgeonfish maiko Acanthurus nigroris a surgeonfish maka`A Malacanthus hoedtii a fish makiawa Etrumeus micropus round herring mAlamalama Coris ballieui a fish mAlolo Parexocoetus brachypterus, et al. Hawaiian flying fishes mamo Abudefduf abdominalis a sergeant fish mamamo, mamo pohhole manini Acanthurus triostegus a reef surgeonfish manO Alopias vulpinus, Sphryma zygaena, Squalus fernandinus, et al. shark me`eme`e Hemiramphus brasiliensis halfbeak fish moano Parupeneus multifasciatus goatfish moi Polydactylus sexfilis threadfish mU Monotaxis grandoculis bigeye emperor fish munu Parepeneus bifasciatus a goatfish na`ena`e Acanthurus olivaceu fish of surgeon family nai`a Phocoena porpoise, dolphin nua`o nAkea Awaous stamineus a fresh-water fish naniha Awaous genivittatus an `o`opu fish nApili Sicydium stimsonii an `o`opu or goby nOpili nehu Stolephorus purpureus anchovy nenue Kyphosus bigibbus, K. vaigiensis chub fish niuhi Carcharodon carcharias man-eating shark (any shark bigger than 3.5m?) nohu Scorpaenopsis cacopsis scorpionfish, stonefish nuku momi Caranx melampugus a jackfish momi, nuku mone`u nUnU Aulostomus chinensis trumpet fish nuhu `O`ili Cantherhines dumerili, C. sandwichiensis, Pervagor spilosoma filefish `O`io Albula vulpes ladyfish=bonefish `Okuhe Eleotris sandwicensis an `o`opu fish `Omaka Stethojulis balteata bedlted wrasse fish `Omilu Carangoides ferdau, C. gymnostethoides, C. ajax ulua fishes ono Acanthocybium solandri large mackerel type fish `o`opu fam. Eleotridae, fam. Gobiidae, fam. Blennidae; hue=Arothron meleagris, Chilomycterus affinus fishes o`oumamA`auwele Stethojulis albovittata a fish `Opakapaka Pristipomoides sieboldii, P. microlepsis, Aphareus furcatus, A. rutilans blue snapper `Opelu Decapterus pinnulatus, D. maruadsi mackerel scad `Opule Anampses cuvier, A. godeffroyi a wrasse pahu Ostracion trunkfishes, boxfishes, cowfishes pAki`i Bothus mancus flatfishes pAku`iku`i Acanthurus achilles a surgeonfish pAlaha Germo alalunga a small `ahi, a tuna palani Acanthurus dussumieri a surgeonfish palaoa Cretacea whale, esp. sperm whale pAnuhunuhu Calotomus sandvicensis stareye parrot fish pao`o Istiblennius zebra, Entomacrodus marmoratus; Exallias brevis rockskipper fish pAno`o pIhA Spratelloides delicatulus a round herring piliko`a Paracirrhites forsteri, Cirrhitops fasciatus, Amblycirrhites bimacula hawkfish pinao Dactylopterus orientalis flying gurnard, a fish po`opa`a Cirrhitus pinnulatus hawkfish po`ou Cheilinus rhodochrous wrasse pualu Acanthurus xanthopterus, A. mata a surgeonfish (puhi) palahoana Brotula multibarbata a shallow-water fish pu`uOla`i Canthigaster rivulatus sharp-nosed puffer fish uhu Scarus perspicillatus, et al. parrot fishes uku Aprion virescens a deep-sea snapper `ulae fam. Synodontidae, Synodus spp., Saurida gracilis lizard fishes `ula`ula fam. Lutjanidae, Etelis marshi red snappers ulua aukea=Caranx ignobilis; `ele`ele=C. melampygus; kihikihi=Alectis sp. certain species of crevalle, jack, or pompano (fish) uouoa Neomyxus chaptalii false mullet (fish) `upApalu Apogon spp., Apogonichthys perdix, Foa brachygramma larger cardinal fishes `uwI`uwI fam. Balistidae a variety of triggerfish walu Ruvettus pretiosus oilfish weke fam. Mullidae; `A=Mulloidichthys samoenis; `ula=M. vanicolensis; pahulu=Upeneus surmullets or goatfish wele`A Trachinocephalus myops a lizard fish