Slovenčina Non-exhaustive Correspondences for Ponto

These alignments are designed for very early spellers of Slovak. Stimuli should be presented in IPA, as exemplified in the tables below.

The model of alignment is that we align only one letter to any given phone. Therefore letters are sometimes omitted from the alignment. These letters should be handled by setting the Insertion penalty to 0.

Where possible, only one phoneme is aligned with a given letter. Affricates are treated as a single phoneme and are so indicated by using a tie bar: e.g. /t͡ʃ/ is one phoneme. Occasionally, two phonemes have to be aligned with a single letter to make the whole word parse. This happens primarily with foreign words, but notably the native sequence <ô> /wo/ requires polyphonic alignment.

Core Slovak spellings have a penalty of 0. Other alignments are scored as follows:

Lack of diacritic, e.g. "s" for /ʃ/: .1
Lack of a letter in a digraph, e.g. "c" for /x/: .2
Using a voiced letter for a voiceless sound, e.g. "dz" for /t͡s/: .1
Using a voiceless letter for a voiced sound, e.g. "c" for /d͡z/: .1
Splitting an affricate into (near) components, e.g. "ts" for /t͡s/: .1

stimulus	response	penalty	example
a	a	0	ako ‘how’
aː	á	0	áno
aː	a	0	piano
b	b	0	byť ‘be’
b	p	.1	voiceless b
c	ť	0	byť
c	t	0	deti
c	ď	0	hruď ‘chest’
c	d	.1	ď sans diacritic
d	d	0	dom ‘home’
d	t	0	věštba
d͡z	dz	0	medzi
d͡z	d	.2	dz sans z
d͡z	z	.2	dz sans d
d͡z	c	.1	voiceless
d͡z	ts	.2	separated c
d͡z	t	.4	ts sans s
d͡z	s	.4	ts sans t
d͡z	ds	.1	half-voiceless
d͡z	tz	.1	half-voiceless
d͡ʒ	dž	0	džem ‘jam’
d͡ʒ	dz	.1	dž sans diacritic
d͡ʒ	d	.2	dž sans ž
d͡ʒ	ž	.2	dž sans d
d͡ʒ	z	.3	ž sans diacritic
d͡ʒ	č	.1	voiceless
d͡ʒ	c	.2	č sans diacritic
d͡ʒ	tš	.2	separated č
d͡ʒ	ts	.3	tš sans diacritic
d͡ʒ	t	.4	tš sans š
d͡ʒ	š	.4	tš sans t
d͡ʒ	s	.5	š sans diacritic
d͡ʒ	dš	.1	half voiceless
d͡ʒ	ds	.2	dš sans diacritic
e	e	0	sen
e	ä	0	päť
e	a	.1	ä sans diacritic
eː	é	0	iné
eː	e	0	tematika
f	f	0	farba ‘colour’
f	v	0	povstať ‘uprise’
ɡ	g	0	geografia
ɡ	k	0	kdo ‘who’
ɡz	x	0	existence ‘existence’
h	h	0	hladný ‘hungry’
i	i	0	tri
i	y	0	vydra ‘otter’
iː	í	0	jíst ‘eat’
iː	i	0	arktida ‘arctic’
iː	ý	0	bývať ‘live’
iː	y	0	?
ij	i	0	viola ‘viola’
j	j	0	jeden ‘one’
j	i	0	viem ‘I know’
ɟ	ď	0	ďakujem ‘thank’
ɟ	d	0	díky ‘thanks’
ɟ	ť	.1	voiceless
ɟ	t	.2	ť sans diacritic
k	g	0	biolog ‘biologist’
k	k	0	kov ‘metal’
ks	x	0	text ‘text’
l	l	0	les
l̩	l	0	vlk ‘wolf’
l̩ː	ĺ	0	dĺžeň ‘length mark’
l̩ː	l	.1	ĺ sans diacritic
ʎ	ľ	0	veľký ‘big’
ʎ	l	0
m	m	0	mäkčeň ‘softener’
n	n	0	noc ‘night’
ɲ	ň	0	deň
ɲ	n	0	niesť ‘carry’
o	o	0	osem ‘eight’
oː	ó	0	milión
oː	o	0	Cecioni
p	p	0	pekný ‘nice’
p	b	0	pohyb
r	r	0	robiť ‘work’
r̩	r	0	krk ‘neck’
r̩ː	ŕ	0	vŕba ‘willow’
r̩ː	r	.1	ŕ sans diacritic
s	s	0	stromy ‘trees’
s	z	0	otázka
ʃ	š	0	široké ‘broad’
ʃ	s	.1	š without diacritic
ʃ	ž	0	muž ‘man’
ʃ	z	.1	ž without diacritic
t	t	0	ten ‘that’
t	d	0	prípad
t͡s	c	0	cesnak ‘garlic’
t͡s	dz	0	?
t͡s	d	.3	dz sans z
t͡s	z	.3	dz sans d
t͡s	ts	.1	split affricate
t͡s	t	.3	ts sans s
t͡s	s	.3	ts sans t
t͡ʃ	č	0	čas
t͡ʃ	c	.1	č without diacritic
t͡ʃ	tš	.1	split affricate
t͡ʃ	ts	.2	tš sans diacritic
t͡ʃ	t	.3	tš sans š
t͡ʃ	š	.3	tš sans t
t͡ʃ	s	.4	š sans diacritic
t͡ʃ	dž	0	poněvadž ‘because’
t͡ʃ	dz	.1	dž without diacritic
t͡ʃ	d	.2	dž sans ž
t͡ʃ	ž	.2	dž sans d
t͡ʃ	z	.3	ž sans diacritic
u	u	0	zub
uː	ú	0	úrok
uː	ů	0	kůň ‘horse’
uː	u	0	?
v	v	0	vokáň ‘circumflex’
v	f	.1	voiceless
w	u	0	soud ‘court’, auto ‘car’
w	v	0	kov ‘metal’
wo	ô	0	stôl
wo	o	.1	ô sans diacritic
x	ch	0	chlapec
x	c	.2	part of ch
x	h	0	lehký ‘light’
z	z	0	zabudnúť ‘forget’
z	s	0	prosba ‘request’, Josef
ʒ	ž	0	život
ʒ	z	.1	ž without diacritic
ʒ	š	0	věštba
ʒ	s	.1	š without diacritic