Given Onset

For string "D"

Not significant.

For string "G"

Not significant.

For string "Gk"

Not significant.

For string "Gkq"

Ceiling

For string "Gks"

Not significant.

For string "Q"

Not significant.

For string "Qz"

Ceiling

For string "S"

Not significant.

For string "T"

Not significant.

For string "Z"

Ceiling

For string "b"

Not significant.

For string "d"

Not significant.

For string "dq"

Ceiling

For string "dst"

Ceiling

For string "dz"

Ceiling

For string "f"

Not significant.

For string "fq"

Ceiling

For string "ft"

Ceiling

For string "g"

Not significant.

For string "gz"

Ceiling

For string "k"

Not significant.

For string "ks"

Not significant.

For string "kst"

Ceiling

For string "kt"

Ceiling

For string "l"

Not significant.

For string "lD"

Ceiling

For string "lS"

Ceiling

For string "lT"

Ceiling

For string "lb"

Ceiling

For string "ld"

Ceiling

For string "lf"

Ceiling

For string "lfq"

Ceiling

For string "lk"

Not significant.

For string "lm"

Ceiling

For string "ln"

Ceiling

For string "lp"

Ceiling

For string "lpt"

Ceiling

For string "lq"

Ceiling

For string "ls"

Ceiling

For string "lt"

Ceiling

For string "lts"

Ceiling

For string "lv"

Ceiling

For string "lvz"

Ceiling

For string "m"

Not significant.

For string "mf"

Ceiling

For string "mp"

Ceiling

For string "mps"

Not significant.

For string "mpt"

Ceiling

For string "mt"

Ceiling

For string "mz"

Ceiling

For string "n"

Not significant.

For string "nD"

Ceiling

For string "nT"

Ceiling

For string "nd"

Not significant.

For string "nq"

Ceiling

For string "ns"

Not significant.

For string "nt"

Ceiling

For string "nts"

Ceiling

For string "nz"

Not significant.

For string "p"

Not significant.

For string "pq"

Ceiling

For string "ps"

Not significant.

For string "pt"

Ceiling

For string "q"

Ceiling

For string "r"

Not significant.

For string "rD"

Ceiling

For string "rS"

Ceiling

For string "rT"

Ceiling

For string "rb"

Ceiling

For string "rd"

Not significant.

For string "rf"

Ceiling

For string "rg"

Ceiling

For string "rk"

Not significant.

For string "rl"

Ceiling

For string "rm"

Ceiling

For string "rn"

Not significant.

For string "rp"

Ceiling

For string "rps"

Ceiling

For string "rq"

Ceiling

For string "rs"

p = .039

For string "rt"

Ceiling

For string "rts"

Ceiling

For string "rv"

Ceiling

For string "rvz"

Ceiling

For string "s"

Not significant.

For string "sk"

Not significant.

For string "sp"

Ceiling

For string "st"

Not significant.

For string "t"

Not significant.

For string "ts"

Not significant.

For string "v"

Not significant.

For string "vz"

Ceiling

For string "z"

Not significant.

Given Vowel

For string "D"

p = .000

E: dg_e

dredge, edge, hedge, ledge, pledge, sledge, wedge

3.8 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.01)

R: g_e

merge, purge, scourge, splurge, surge, urge, verge

3.2 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.005)

V: dg_e

budge, drudge, fudge, grudge, judge, nudge, sludge, smudge, trudge

4.9 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.005)

e: g_e

age, cage, gauge, page, rage, sage, stage, wage

3.6 expected, 8 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "G"

Not significant.

For string "Gk"

Not significant.

For string "Gkq"

Ceiling

For string "Gks"

Not significant.

For string "Q"

Not significant.

For string "Qz"

Ceiling

For string "S"

p = .002

i: sh

leash

1.9 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.025)

For string "T"

p = .000

A: tch

blotch, botch, crotch, notch, scotch, splotch, watch

3.5 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.005)

E: tch

etch, fetch, retch, sketch, stretch, wretch

3.0 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.01)

R: ch

birch, church, lurch, perch, search

2.4 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.025)

W: ch

couch, crouch, grouch, pouch, slouch, vouch

2.9 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.01)

a: tch

batch, catch, hatch, latch, match, patch, scratch, snatch, thatch

4.4 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.005)

i: ch

beach, beech, bleach, breach, breech, each, leach, leech, peach, preach, reach, screech, speech, teach

6.7 expected, 14 observed (p <= 0.001)

o: ch

broach, brooch, coach, poach, roach

2.4 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.025)

y: ch

rich, which

6.7 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.01)

For string "Z"

Ceiling

For string "b"

Not significant.

For string "d"

Not significant.

For string "dq"

Ceiling

For string "dst"

Ceiling

For string "dz"

Ceiling

For string "f"

p = .000

V: ff

bluff, buff, cuff, fluff, gruff, huff, muff, puff, scruff, scuff, snuff, stuff

5.5 expected, 12 observed (p <= 0.001)

Y: f

fife, knife, life, strife, wife

2.6 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.025)

c: gh

cough, trough

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.01)

i: f

beef, brief, chief, grief, leaf, reef, thief

3.6 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.01)

u: f

goof, proof, roof, spoof

2.1 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.05)

y: f

if

3.6 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.05)

y: ff

cliff, miff, sniff, stiff, tiff, whiff

2.6 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.005)

For string "fq"

Ceiling

For string "ft"

Ceiling

For string "g"

p = .000

e: gu_e

plague, vague

0.2 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

o: gu_e

rogue, vogue

0.2 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "gz"

Ceiling

For string "k"

p = .000

A: ck

block, chock, clock, cock, crock, dock, flock, frock, hock, knock, lock, mock, rock, shock, smock, sock, stock

7.6 expected, 17 observed (p <= 0.001)

E: ck

beck, check, deck, fleck, heck, neck, peck, speck, wreck

4.2 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.005)

E: k

trek

5.4 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.005)

R: k

clerk, irk, jerk, lurk, murk, perk, quirk, shirk, smirk, work

5.4 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.005)

U: k

book, brook, cook, crook, hook, look, nook, rook, shook, took

5.4 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.005)

V: ck

buck, chuck, cluck, duck, fuck, luck, muck, pluck, puck, shuck, struck, stuck, suck, truck, tuck

6.3 expected, 15 observed (p <= 0.001)

Y: k

bike, dike, hike, like, mike, pike, spike, strike, tyke

4.9 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.005)

a: ck

back, black, clack, crack, hack, jack, knack, lack, pack, quack, rack, sack, shack, slack, smack, snack, stack, tack, track, whack, wrack

10.6 expected, 21 observed (p <= 0.001)

a: k

flak, yak

13.5 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

c: k

balk, caulk, chalk, gawk, hawk, squawk, stalk, talk, walk

4.9 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.005)

e: k

bake, brake, break, cake, drake, fake, flake, lake, make, quake, rake, sake, shake, slake, snake, stake, steak, take, wake

10.8 expected, 19 observed (p <= 0.001)

i: k

beak, bleak, cheek, creak, creek, freak, leak, leek, meek, peak, peek, reek, seek, sheik, shriek, sleek, sneak, speak, squeak, streak, teak, weak, week, wreak

14.1 expected, 24 observed (p <= 0.001)

o: k

broke, choke, cloak, coke, croak, folk, joke, oak, poke, smoke, soak, spoke, stoke, stroke, woke, yoke, yolk

9.2 expected, 17 observed (p <= 0.001)

y: ck

brick, chick, click, crick, dick, flick, hick, kick, lick, nick, pick, prick, quick, sick, slick, stick, thick, tick, trick, wick

8.9 expected, 20 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "ks"

Not significant.

For string "kst"

Ceiling

For string "kt"

Ceiling

For string "l"

p = .000

C: l

boil, broil, coil, foil, oil, soil, spoil, toil

5.1 expected, 8 observed (p <= 0.05)

E: l

gel

12.0 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.001)

E: ll

bell, cell, dell, dwell, fell, hell, jell, knell, quell, sell, shell, smell, spell, swell, tell, well, yell

6.7 expected, 17 observed (p <= 0.001)

R: l

curl, earl, girl, hurl, pearl, swirl, twirl, whirl

5.1 expected, 8 observed (p <= 0.05)

V: ll

dull, gull, hull, lull, mull, null, skull

2.5 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.001)

W: l

foul, fowl, growl, howl, jowl, owl, prowl, scowl

5.1 expected, 8 observed (p <= 0.05)

Y: l_e

aisle, isle

0.1 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

c: l

awl, bawl, brawl, crawl, drawl, haul, maul, scrawl, shawl, sprawl

14.6 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.05)

c: ll

all, ball, call, fall, gall, hall, mall, pall, small, squall, stall, tall, wall

8.1 expected, 13 observed (p <= 0.025)

e: l

ail, ale, bail, bale, dale, fail, flail, frail, gale, grail, hail, hale, jail, mail, male, nail, pail, pale, quail, rail, sail, sale, scale, shale, snail, stale, tail, tale, trail, vale, veil, wail, wale, whale

21.5 expected, 34 observed (p <= 0.001)

i: l

deal, eel, feel, heal, heel, keel, kneel, meal, peal, peel, reel, seal, spiel, squeal, steal, steel, teal, veal, wheel, zeal

12.7 expected, 20 observed (p <= 0.001)

u: l

cool, drool, fool, ghoul, mule, pool, rule, school, spool, stool, tool, yule

7.6 expected, 12 observed (p <= 0.01)

y: l

nil

15.2 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.001)

y: ll

bill, chill, dill, drill, fill, frill, gill, grill, hill, ill, kill, mill, pill, quill, shrill, sill, skill, spill, still, thrill, till, trill, will

8.5 expected, 23 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "lD"

Ceiling

For string "lS"

Ceiling

For string "lT"

Ceiling

For string "lb"

Ceiling

For string "ld"

Ceiling

For string "lf"

Ceiling

For string "lfq"

Ceiling

For string "lk"

Not significant.

For string "lm"

Ceiling

For string "ln"

Ceiling

For string "lp"

Ceiling

For string "lpt"

Ceiling

For string "lq"

Ceiling

For string "ls"

Ceiling

For string "lt"

Ceiling

For string "lts"

Ceiling

For string "lv"

Ceiling

For string "lvz"

Ceiling

For string "m"

Not significant.

For string "mf"

Ceiling

For string "mp"

Ceiling

For string "mps"

Not significant.

For string "mpt"

Ceiling

For string "mt"

Ceiling

For string "mz"

Ceiling

For string "n"

Not significant.

For string "nD"

Ceiling

For string "nT"

Ceiling

For string "nd"

Not significant.

For string "nq"

Ceiling

For string "ns"

Not significant.

For string "nt"

Ceiling

For string "nts"

Ceiling

For string "nz"

Not significant.

For string "p"

Not significant.

For string "pq"

Ceiling

For string "ps"

Not significant.

For string "pt"

Ceiling

For string "q"

Ceiling

For string "r"

Not significant.

For string "rD"

Ceiling

For string "rS"

Ceiling

For string "rT"

Ceiling

For string "rb"

Ceiling

For string "rd"

Not significant.

For string "rf"

Ceiling

For string "rg"

Ceiling

For string "rk"

Not significant.

For string "rl"

Ceiling

For string "rm"

Ceiling

For string "rn"

Not significant.

For string "rp"

Ceiling

For string "rps"

Ceiling

For string "rq"

Ceiling

For string "rs"

Not significant.

For string "rt"

Ceiling

For string "rts"

Ceiling

For string "rv"

Ceiling

For string "rvz"

Ceiling

For string "s"

p = .000

C: c_e

choice, voice

0.6 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.05)

E: ss

bless, chess, dress, guess, less, mess, press, stress

3.0 expected, 8 observed (p <= 0.001)

R: s_e

curse, hearse, nurse, purse, verse, worse

1.6 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.001)

V: s

bus, plus, pus, thus, us

0.7 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.001)

W: s_e

blouse, douse, grouse, house, louse, mouse, spouse

1.9 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.001)

Y: c_e

dice, ice, lice, mice, nice, price, rice, slice, spice, splice, thrice, twice, vice

4.4 expected, 13 observed (p <= 0.001)

a: ss

ass, bass, brass, class, glass, grass, lass, mass, pass

3.3 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.001)

c: ss

boss, cross, floss, loss, moss, toss

2.3 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.005)

e: c_e

ace, brace, face, grace, lace, mace, pace, place, race, space, trace

5.0 expected, 11 observed (p <= 0.001)

e: ss

bass

5.3 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.025)

i: s_e

cease, crease, geese, grease, lease

2.4 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.05)

y: ss

bliss, hiss, kiss, miss, piss

2.0 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.01)

For string "sk"

Not significant.

For string "sp"

Ceiling

For string "st"

Not significant.

For string "t"

p = .029

V: t

but, cut, glut, gut, hut, nut, rut, shut, slut, smut, strut, what

14.6 expected, 12 observed (p <= 0.001)

V: tt

butt, mutt, putt

0.3 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "ts"

Not significant.

For string "v"

p = .021

V: v_e

dove, glove, love, shove

4.8 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.05)

For string "vz"

Ceiling

For string "z"

p = .000

V: s

does, was

0.3 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.005)

V: zz

buzz, fuzz

0.2 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

W: s_e

browse, dowse, drowse, house, mouse

2.4 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.025)

a: s

as, has

0.3 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

e: z_e

blaze, craze, daze, faze, gaze, glaze, graze, haze, laze, maize, maze, raze

5.7 expected, 12 observed (p <= 0.001)

y: s

his, is

0.6 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.05)

y: z

biz, quiz, whiz

0.3 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

y: zz

fizz, frizz

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.01)