Given Onset

For string "a"

p = .000

cl: a

clack, clad, clam, clamp, clan, clang, clank, clap, clash, clasp, class

7.8 expected, 11 observed (p <= 0.05)

qu: a

quack

2.8 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.05)

qu: c

quart, quartz

0.3 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

r: a

rack, raft, rag, ram, ramp, ran, ranch, rang, rank, rant, rap, rapt, rash, rasp, rat

11.3 expected, 15 observed (p <= 0.05)

sp: A

spa, spar, spark, sparse

1.4 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.025)

squ: A

squad, squash, squat

0.8 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.01)

sw: A

swab, swamp, swan, swap, swash, swat, swath

2.2 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.001)

sw: a

swag, swam, swank

7.8 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.005)

w: A

wad, wand, want, wash, wasp, watch, watt

3.6 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.05)

w: a

wag, wax

12.7 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

w: c

wall, waltz, war, ward, warm, warn, warp, wart

1.3 expected, 8 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "a_e"

Not significant.

For string "ach"

Ceiling

For string "ai"

Not significant.

For string "aigh"

Ceiling

For string "ais"

Ceiling

For string "al"

Not significant.

For string "au"

Not significant.

For string "augh"

Ceiling

For string "aul"

Ceiling

For string "aw"

Ceiling

For string "aw_e"

Ceiling

For string "ay"

Not significant.

For string "ay_e"

Not significant.

For string "e"

Not significant.

For string "e_e"

Not significant.

For string "ea"

Not significant.

For string "eah"

Ceiling

For string "ear"

Ceiling

For string "eau"

Ceiling

For string "eb"

Ceiling

For string "ee"

Not significant.

For string "ei"

Not significant.

For string "eig"

Ceiling

For string "eigh"

Not significant.

For string "er"

Ceiling

For string "er_e"

Ceiling

For string "eu"

Ceiling

For string "eu_e"

Ceiling

For string "ew"

Not significant.

For string "ew_e"

Ceiling

For string "ey"

Not significant.

For string "ey_e"

Ceiling

For string "hei"

Ceiling

For string "her"

Ceiling

For string "hou"

Ceiling

For string "i"

Not significant.

For string "i_e"

p = .035

For string "ie"

Not significant.

For string "ieu"

Ceiling

For string "ig"

Ceiling

For string "igh"

Ceiling

For string "ir"

Ceiling

For string "is"

Ceiling

For string "o"

Not significant.

For string "o_e"

Not significant.

For string "oa"

Not significant.

For string "oi"

Ceiling

For string "ol"

Ceiling

For string "oo"

Not significant.

For string "or"

Ceiling

For string "ou"

Not significant.

For string "oub"

Ceiling

For string "ough"

Not significant.

For string "oul"

Ceiling

For string "oup"

Ceiling

For string "our"

Ceiling

For string "ow"

Not significant.

For string "ow_e"

Ceiling

For string "oy"

Ceiling

For string "u"

Not significant.

For string "u_e"

Not significant.

For string "ui"

Not significant.

For string "ur"

Ceiling

For string "urr"

Ceiling

For string "uy"

Ceiling

For string "y"

Not significant.

For string "y_e"

Ceiling

Given Coda

For string "a"

p = .000

-: A

bra, ma, pa, spa

1.0 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.001)

b: a

blab, cab, crab, dab, drab, gab, grab, jab, lab, nab, scab, slab, stab, tab

10.6 expected, 14 observed (p <= 0.05)

ck: a

back, black, clack, crack, hack, jack, knack, lack, pack, quack, rack, sack, shack, slack, smack, snack, stack, tack, track, whack, wrack

14.8 expected, 21 observed (p <= 0.005)

g: a

bag, brag, drag, fag, flag, gag, hag, jag, lag, nag, rag, sag, shag, slag, snag, stag, swag, tag, wag

13.4 expected, 19 observed (p <= 0.005)

ld: c

bald, scald

0.1 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

ll: a

shall

9.9 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.001)

ll: c

all, ball, call, fall, gall, hall, mall, pall, small, squall, stall, tall, wall

1.0 expected, 13 observed (p <= 0.001)

lt: c

halt, malt, salt

0.2 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

m: a

am, cam, clam, cram, dam, gram, ham, jam, ram, scram, sham, slam, swam, tram, yam

10.6 expected, 15 observed (p <= 0.025)

ng: a

bang, clang, fang, gang, hang, pang, rang, sang, slang, sprang, tang, twang

8.5 expected, 12 observed (p <= 0.025)

ng_e: e

change, mange, range, strange

0.1 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.001)

nk: a

bank, blank, clank, crank, dank, drank, flank, frank, hank, lank, plank, prank, rank, sank, shank, shrank, spank, stank, swank, tank, thank, yank

15.5 expected, 22 observed (p <= 0.005)

p: a

cap, chap, clap, crap, flap, gap, lap, map, nap, pap, rap, sap, scrap, slap, snap, strap, tap, trap, wrap, yap, zap

15.5 expected, 21 observed (p <= 0.01)

r: A

bar, car, char, czar, far, jar, mar, par, scar, spar, star, tar

2.6 expected, 12 observed (p <= 0.001)

rb: A

barb, garb

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.005)

rch: A

arch, march, starch

0.6 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

rd: A

card, chard, guard, hard, lard, shard, yard

1.6 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.001)

rf: c

dwarf, wharf

0.2 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

rg_e: A

barge, charge, large

0.6 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

rk: A

ark, bark, dark, hark, lark, mark, park, shark, spark, stark

2.0 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.001)

rm: A

arm, charm, farm, harm

1.2 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.005)

rm: c

swarm, warm

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.025)

rn: A

barn, darn, yarn

0.8 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.01)

rp: A

carp, harp, sharp

0.8 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.01)

rsh: A

harsh, marsh

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.005)

rt: A

art, cart, chart, dart, hart, mart, part, smart, start, tart

2.6 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.001)

rt: c

quart, thwart, wart

0.9 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.05)

rv_e: A

carve, starve

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.005)

For string "a_e"

p = .000

r: E

bare, blare, care, dare, fare, flare, glare, hare, mare, pare, rare, scare, share, snare, spare, square, stare, ware

2.0 expected, 18 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "ach"

Ceiling

For string "ai"

p = .000

r: E

air, chair, fair, flair, hair, lair, pair, stair

1.0 expected, 8 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "aigh"

Ceiling

For string "ais"

Ceiling

For string "al"

p = .000

f: a

calf, half

0.6 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.025)

k: c

balk, chalk, stalk, talk, walk

1.6 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.001)

m: A

balm, calm, palm, psalm, qualm

1.9 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.001)

v_e: a

calve, halve, salve

0.9 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.005)

For string "au"

p = .010

For string "augh"

Ceiling

For string "aul"

Ceiling

For string "aw"

Ceiling

For string "aw_e"

Ceiling

For string "ay"

p = .039

-: e

bay, clay, day, fray, gay, gray, hay, jay, lay, may, nay, pay, play, pray, ray, say, slay, splay, spray, stay, stray, sway, tray, way

23.0 expected, 24 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "ay_e"

Not significant.

For string "e"

p = .000

-: i

be, he, me, she, the, we

0.2 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "e_e"

p = .011

r: E

ere, there, where

1.3 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.025)

r: y

here, mere, sphere

1.3 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.025)

For string "ea"

p = .000

ch: i

beach, bleach, breach, each, leach, peach, preach, reach, teach

6.0 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.05)

d: E

bread, dead, dread, head, lead, read, spread, stead, thread, tread

3.1 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.001)

d: i

bead, knead, lead, mead, plead, read

10.7 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.01)

k: e

break, steak

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.01)

l: i

deal, heal, meal, peal, seal, squeal, steal, teal, veal, zeal

6.7 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.025)

lth: E

health, stealth, wealth

0.6 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

m: i

beam, cream, dream, gleam, ream, scream, seam, steam, stream, team

6.7 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.025)

r: y

clear, dear, ear, fear, gear, hear, near, rear, sear, shear, smear, spear, tear, year

1.8 expected, 14 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "eah"

Ceiling

For string "ear"

Ceiling

For string "eau"

Ceiling

For string "eb"

Ceiling

For string "ee"

p = .000

r: y

beer, cheer, deer, jeer, leer, peer, queer, sheer, sneer, steer, veer

1.2 expected, 11 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "ei"

Not significant.

For string "eig"

Ceiling

For string "eigh"

Not significant.

For string "er"

Ceiling

For string "er_e"

Ceiling

For string "eu"

Ceiling

For string "eu_e"

Ceiling

For string "ew"

Not significant.

For string "ew_e"

Ceiling

For string "ey"

Not significant.

For string "ey_e"

Ceiling

For string "hei"

Ceiling

For string "her"

Ceiling

For string "hou"

Ceiling

For string "i"

p = .000

c: y

tic

1.9 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.005)

ch_e: y

niche

1.9 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.005)

ld: Y

child, mild, wild

0.2 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

ld: y

gild, guild

4.7 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

mb: y

limb

1.9 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.005)

nd: Y

bind, blind, find, grind, hind, kind, mind, rind, wind

0.4 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.001)

nd: y

wind

9.5 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "i_e"

Not significant.

For string "ie"

p = .017

r: y

pier, tier

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.005)

rc_e: y

fierce, pierce

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.005)

For string "ieu"

Ceiling

For string "ig"

Ceiling

For string "igh"

Ceiling

For string "ir"

Ceiling

For string "is"

Ceiling

For string "o"

p = .000

-: o

go, no, pro, so

1.1 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.005)

-: u

do, to, two, who

0.2 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.001)

b: A

blob, bob, cob, glob, gob, job, knob, lob, mob, nob, rob, slob, snob, sob, throb

7.4 expected, 15 observed (p <= 0.001)

ck: A

block, chock, clock, cock, crock, dock, flock, frock, hock, knock, lock, mock, rock, shock, smock, sock, stock

8.4 expected, 17 observed (p <= 0.001)

d: A

clod, cod, god, nod, plod, pod, prod, rod, shod, sod, trod

5.4 expected, 11 observed (p <= 0.001)

ff: c

off, scoff

0.6 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.05)

ft: c

loft, oft, soft

0.9 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.01)

ld: o

bold, cold, fold, gold, hold, mold, old, scold, sold, told

1.3 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.001)

ll: A

doll

4.4 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.025)

ll: o

droll, knoll, poll, roll, scroll, stroll, toll, troll

1.2 expected, 8 observed (p <= 0.001)

lt: o

bolt, colt, dolt, jolt, molt, volt

0.8 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.001)

mb: u

tomb, womb

0.1 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

n: V

son, ton, won

0.2 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

nd: A

blond, bond, fond, pond

2.0 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.05)

ng: c

gong, long, prong, song, strong, thong, throng, tong, wrong

2.7 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.001)

p: A

chop, clop, cop, crop, drop, flop, hop, mop, plop, pop, prop, shop, slop, sop, stop, top

7.9 expected, 16 observed (p <= 0.001)

r: c

for, nor, or

0.9 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.01)

rch: c

porch, scorch, torch

0.9 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.01)

rd: c

chord, cord, ford, lord, sword

1.5 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.001)

rg_e: c

forge, gorge

0.6 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.05)

rk: c

cork, fork, pork, stork

1.2 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.005)

rm: c

dorm, form, norm, storm

1.2 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.005)

rn: c

born, corn, horn, morn, porn, scorn, shorn, sworn, thorn, torn, worn

3.3 expected, 11 observed (p <= 0.001)

rt: c

fort, port, short, snort, sort, sport, tort

2.1 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.001)

rth: c

forth, north

0.6 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.05)

sh: A

gosh, josh, nosh, posh, slosh

2.5 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.025)

ss: A

gloss

3.9 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.05)

ss: c

boss, cross, floss, loss, moss, toss

2.4 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.005)

st: o

ghost, host, most, post

0.9 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.001)

t: A

blot, clot, cot, dot, got, hot, jot, knot, lot, not, plot, pot, rot, scot, shot, slot, snot, sot, spot, tot, trot

10.3 expected, 21 observed (p <= 0.001)

tch: A

blotch, botch, crotch, notch, scotch, splotch

3.0 expected, 6 observed (p <= 0.025)

th: c

broth, cloth, froth, moth, sloth

1.8 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.005)

x: A

box, fox, lox, ox, pox

2.5 expected, 5 observed (p <= 0.025)

For string "o_e"

p = .000

k: o

broke, choke, coke, joke, poke, smoke, spoke, stoke, stroke, woke, yoke

8.0 expected, 11 observed (p <= 0.05)

m: V

come, some

0.5 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.025)

p: o

cope, dope, grope, hope, lope, mope, nope, pope, rope, scope, slope

8.0 expected, 11 observed (p <= 0.05)

r: c

bore, chore, core, fore, gore, lore, more, ore, pore, score, shore, snore, sore, spore, store, swore, tore, whore, wore, yore

3.3 expected, 20 observed (p <= 0.001)

v_e: V

dove, glove, love, shove

1.2 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.01)

v_e: u

move, prove

0.5 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.025)

For string "oa"

p = .000

r: c

boar, oar, roar, soar

0.7 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.001)

rd: c

board, hoard

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.005)

rs_e: c

coarse, hoarse

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.005)

For string "oi"

Ceiling

For string "ol"

Ceiling

For string "oo"

p = .000

d: V

blood, flood

0.2 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

d: u

brood, food, mood

6.6 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.005)

k: U

book, brook, cook, crook, hook, look, nook, rook, shook, took

2.3 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.001)

k: u

spook

8.1 expected, 1 observed (p <= 0.001)

n: u

boon, coon, croon, goon, loon, moon, noon, soon, spoon, swoon

7.4 expected, 10 observed (p <= 0.05)

p: u

coop, droop, hoop, loop, poop, scoop, snoop, stoop, swoop, troop, whoop

8.1 expected, 11 observed (p <= 0.05)

r: U

boor, moor, poor

1.1 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.05)

r: c

door, floor

0.1 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "or"

Ceiling

For string "ou"

p = .000

gh: V

rough, slough, tough

0.3 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

gh: c

cough, trough

0.5 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.025)

p: u

group, soup

0.2 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

r: U

tour, your

0.2 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

s_e: W

blouse, douse, grouse, house, house, louse, mouse, mouse, spouse

6.2 expected, 9 observed (p <= 0.05)

t: W

bout, clout, flout, out, pout, rout, scout, shout, snout, spout, sprout, stout, trout

9.0 expected, 13 observed (p <= 0.01)

For string "oub"

Ceiling

For string "ough"

p = .004

t: c

bought, brought, fought, ought, sought, thought, wrought

4.0 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.005)

For string "oul"

Ceiling

For string "oup"

Ceiling

For string "our"

Ceiling

For string "ow"

p = .009

-: W

bow, brow, chow, cow, how, now, plow, prow, row, sow, vow

16.8 expected, 11 observed (p <= 0.001)

-: o

blow, bow, crow, flow, glow, grow, know, low, mow, row, show, slow, snow, sow, stow, throw, tow

11.2 expected, 17 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "ow_e"

Ceiling

For string "oy"

Ceiling

For string "u"

p = .014

-: u

flu, gnu

0.0 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.001)

ll: U

bull, full, pull

0.3 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.001)

ll: V

dull, gull, hull, lull, mull, null, skull

9.6 expected, 7 observed (p <= 0.001)

sh: U

bush, push

0.4 expected, 2 observed (p <= 0.025)

sh: V

blush, brush, crush, flush, gush, hush, lush, mush, plush, rush, slush, thrush

13.5 expected, 12 observed (p <= 0.05)

tch: V

clutch, crutch, hutch

3.9 expected, 3 observed (p <= 0.025)

For string "u_e"

p = .000

r: U

cure, lure, pure, sure

0.3 expected, 4 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "ui"

Not significant.

For string "ur"

Ceiling

For string "urr"

Ceiling

For string "uy"

Ceiling

For string "y"

p = .000

-: Y

by, cry, dry, fly, fry, guy, my, ply, pry, shy, sky, sly, spry, spy, sty, try, why, wry

11.2 expected, 18 observed (p <= 0.001)

For string "y_e"

Ceiling