<?xml version="1.0"?>
<language id="NON"> <!-- Old Norse -->

<word sem="ALL">
  <pron r="1">ɑlː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.13.5, 13.14: allir, pl. of allr ‘whole’. -->
</word>

<word sem="ANIMAL"> <!-- ~ terrestrial quadruped -->
  <pron r="1">dyːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.11: ON dȳr, OE dēor, OHG tior, 
    Goth. dius (renders Grk. θηρίον), 
    the general Gmc, word for ‘animal’ vs ‘man’ 
    : Lith. dusti ‘gasp’, ChSl. dychati ‘breathe’. IE *dhwes-.
    Walde-P. 1.846. Feist 121b. Falk-Torp 172. 
    Perh. same root as Lat. bēstia -->
  <!-- Buck 3.11: ON dȳr, Dan. dyr, Sw. djur  -->
</word>

<word sem="ASHES">
  <pron r="1">ɑsk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.84: ON aska, Goth. azgō, OE asce, OHG asca, etc., general 
      Gmc., fr. a root *as- seen in Lat. ārēre ‘be dry’, ardēre ‘burn’, Skt. 
      āsa- ‘ashes, dust’, Arm. ačium ‘ashes’.Falk-Torp. 35. Feist 72. 
      Walde-H. 1.65. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.84: ON aska, Dan. aske, Sw. aska.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BACK">  <!-- dorsum -->
  <pron r="1">bɑk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.19: ON bak. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.19: ON bak  -->
</word>

<word sem="BAD">
  <pron r="1">iːlː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.72.5: īllr ‘bad, evil’. -->
  <pron r="2" motiv="0.5" deriv="0.7">βɑː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.72.5: vāndr, prob. ppple. of vā ‘harm, hurt’. [imit.?]  -->
  <pron r="3">dɑː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.72.5: dāligr, cf. dā ‘swoon, senseless state’.  -->
  <!-- Buck 16.72: vāndr, īllr, dāligr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BARK">  <!-- of a tree. Sometimes = SKIN -->
  <pron r="1">bɔrk</pron>
    <!-- Modern Norw.: bark. OED: ON bark-, obl. stem of bǫrkr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BELLY">  <!-- abdomen -->
  <pron r="1">kβið</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.46: kviðr -->
  <pron r="2">βɔmb</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.46: vǫmb. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.46: kviðr, vǫmb.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BIG">
  <pron r="1">stoːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.55.5: stōrr. -->
  <pron r="2">mikil</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.55.1: mikill. -->
  <!-- Buck 12.55: stōrr, mikill.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BIRD">
  <pron r="1">fuɣl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.64: Goth. fugls, OE fugol, general Gmc., etym. disputed. 
      Perh. : Lith paukštis ‘bird’, 
        or with dissim. fr. Gmc. *flug-la- : OE flēogan ‘fly’. 
      Walde-P. 2.76. Feist 170. Falk-Torp 280, 1464. Wiegand-H. 2.1178.  -->
  <!-- Buck 3.64: ON, Dan. fugl, Sw. fågel  -->
</word>

<word sem="BITE">  <!-- verb -->
  <pron r="1">biːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.58: bīta.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BLACK">
  <pron r="1">sβɑrt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.65.4: svartr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BLOOD">
  <pron r="1">bloːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.15: Goth. blōþ, OE blōd, general Gmc., prob. ‘that which 
      bursts out’ : Goth. blōma ‘flower’. 
      Walde-P. 1.177. Falk-Torp 83f. Feist 101. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.15: ON blōð, Dan., Sw. blod.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BLOW">  <!-- verb, e.g., wind blows -->
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">blɑːs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.38: blāsa (imit.).  -->
</word>

<word sem="BONE">
  <pron r="1">bɛin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.16: ON bein, OE bān, general Gmc., origin obscure. 
      Falk-Torp. 69. Buck 4.35: sometimes ‘leg’. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.16: ON bein, Dan. ben, knogle, Sw. ben.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BREAST">  <!-- mamma -->
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">brjoːst</pron>
  <!-- Buck 4.41: brjōst, same as man’s.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BREATHE">
  <pron r="1">ɑnd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.51: anda; ǫnd, andi.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BURN">  <!-- the bush is burning -->
  <pron r="1">brinː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.85: Goth. brinnan, caus. brannjan, etc., all the Gmc. words; 
      vi. is original. *bhre-n-wo-, fr. *bher- as in Lat. fervēre ‘boil’, 
      Goth. brunna ‘spring’. Walde-P. 2.168. Feist 106. Falk-Torp 111. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.85: ON brinna (vi), brenna (vt), Dan. brænde, Sw. bränna  -->
</word>

<word sem="CHILD">  <!-- young human -->
  <pron r="1">bɑrn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.27: Goth, ON, OHG barn, OE bearn (NE bairn in Sc.), once 
      general Gmc., fr. *barna= ‘born’, pple. of Goth. bairan, OE beran, etc. 
      ‘bear’. Walde-P. 1.56. Falk-Torp 51. Feist 82. -->
  <!-- Buck 2.27: ON, Dan., Sw. barn  -->
</word>

<word sem="CLAW">
  <pron r="1">kloː</pron>
    <!--  Modern Norw.: klo. Wessén: Sw. “klo”, fsv. no. “klo”, 
       isl. “kló”, jfr ty. Klaue, eng. claw,  -->
</word>

<word sem="CLOUD">
  <pron r="1">skyː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.73: ON skȳ, Dan. sky ‘cloud’, Sw. sky ‘cloud’ or ‘sky’, OS 
      scio ‘cloud’ : Skt. sku- ‘cover’, Lat. obscūrus ‘dark’, ON skuggi 
      ‘shade’, etc. Walde-P. 2.547. Falk-Torp 1044. Hellquist 963. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.73: skȳ, Dan. sky, Sw. moln, sky  -->
</word>

<word sem="COLD">  <!-- the weather is cold -->
  <pron r="1" deriv="1" redund="FREEZE1">kɑl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.86.2: kaldr; cf. kala ‘freeze’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="COME">
  <pron r="1">kom</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.48: koma.  -->
</word>

<word sem="COUNT">
  <pron r="1">tel</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: telja ‘zählen, rechnen, erzählen, sprechen’. -->
</word>

<word sem="CRY"> <!-- weep -->
  <pron r="1">ɡrɑːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.37.5: grāta.  -->
</word>

<word sem="CUT">
  <pron r="1">sker</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: skera. -->
  <pron r="2">sniːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: snīða -->
  <pron r="3">telɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: telgja -->
  <pron r="4">hɔɡːβ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: hǫggva -->
  <pron r="5">mɛit</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: meita. -->
  <!-- Buck 9.22: skera, snīða, telgja, hǫggva, meita.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DAY"> <!-- not night -->
  <pron r="1">dɑɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.41.4: dagr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DIE"> <!-- or use ‘dead’ if that is more basic -->
  <pron r="1">dɛyj</pron>
  <pron r="2">dɔuð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.75: deyja, dauðr, dauði.  -->
  <pron r="3">sβelt</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “svelt-a” ‘sterben, hungern’.  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.75: deyja, svelta (poet.; esp. ‘starve’); dauðr, dāinn; dauði.
      -->
</word>

<word sem="DIG">
  <pron r="1">ɡrɑv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.22: grafa.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DIRTY">
  <pron r="1">sɔur</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.88.4: saurigr, saurugr, also saurligr, 
       fr. saurr ‘mud, dirt, excrements’, prob. rel. to sūrr ‘sour’.  -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1">hrɛin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.88: ūhreinn, neg. of hreinn ‘clean’ (15.87). -->
  <!-- Buck 15.88: saurigr, ūhreinn.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DOG">
  <pron r="1">hund</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.61: Goth. hunds, OE hund, general Gmc.; 
      Grk. κύων, Lat. canis, Ir. cū, 
      Lith šuo, Lett. suns, OPruss. sunis, 
      Skt. çvan-, Av. span-, Median σπάκα (Hdt.), 
      and, fr. an Iran. form like the last, Russ. sobaka; 
      Arm. šun; Toch, ku, kū.
      IE *k̑uon-, k̑un-. Walde-P. 1.465ff. Ernout-M. 142f. Walde-H. 1.152f. 
        Feist 276. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.61: ON hundr, Dan., Sw. hund. 
    ‘Bitch’: ON bikkja, Norw. bikje, OE bicce, etym. dub. 
       Walde-P. 2.148. Falk-Torp 72.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DRINK">
  <pron r="1">drekː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.13: drekka.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DRY">
  <pron r="1">θur</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.84.2: þurr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DULL">
  <pron r="1">sljoː</pron>
  <pron r="2">slæː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.79.4: sljōr, slǣr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DUST">
  <pron r="1">du</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.213: ON dupt (ODan., Norw. duft ‘fine meal’, MHG tuft ‘vapor,
      dew’, NHG duft ‘fragrance’).  ON, Norw. dust (Dan. dyst  ‘fine meal’), 
      OE dūst (if ū correct = NHG dunst ‘vapor’), all from extensions of 
      *dheu- seen in Skt. dhū, dhu- ‘shake’, Grk. θύω ‘rage, seethe’, Skt. 
      dhūma-, Lat. fūmus, etc. ‘smoke’. Walde-P. 1.840, 846. Falk-Torp 163, 
      168. NED dust. Prob fr. same root as Toch A tor, B taur ‘dust’ (G. S. 
      Lane, Language 14.27)  --> 
  <!-- Buck 1.213: ON dupt, dust, Dan. støv, Sw. stoft.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EAR">
  <pron r="1">ɛyr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.22: eyra. -->
  <pron r="2">hlust</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.22: hlust. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.22: eyra, hlust.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EARTH"> <!-- soil, ground -->
  <pron r="1">jɔrð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.21: jǫrð = Goth. airþa, general Germ. : Ir. ert ‘land’ in 
      compounds, OHG ero ‘earth’, Grk. ἔρα. Walde-P. 1.142. Feist 25f.  -->
  <pron r="2">lɑnd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.21: land, general Germc : 
      Ir. ith-land ‘threshing floor’, W. llan ‘inclosure, yard’. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.21: jǫrð, land; Dan. jord, land; Sw. jord, land. Miðgarðr is 
    ‘world’ -->
</word>

<word sem="EAT">
  <pron r="1">et</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.11: eta.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EGG">
  <pron r="1">eɡː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.48: egg.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EYE">
  <pron r="1">ɔuɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.21: auga.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FALL">
  <pron r="1">fɑlː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.23: falla.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FAR">
  <pron r="1">fjɑrː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.44.4: fjarri -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1" redund="LONG1">lɑŋɡ</pron>langt ‘long’.  -->
    <!-- Buck 12.44.4: fjarri, langt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FAT">  <!-- grease -->
  <pron r="1">fɛit</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “fei-t-i” ‘Fett’. -->
</word>

<word sem="FATHER">
  <pron r="1">fɑ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.35: faðir (fr. IE nursery word *pā), Dan., Sw. fader  -->
</word>

<word sem="FEAR">
  <pron r="1">oːɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.53.5: ōtti, ōgn -->
  <pron r="2">hræð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.53.5: hræzla (hræðsla), fr. hræða ‘frighten’) -->
  <pron r="3">skelk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.53: skelkr  -->
  <!-- Buck 16.53: ōtti, ōgn, hræzla, skelkr  -->
</word>

<word sem="FEATHER">
  <pron r="1">fjɔð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.392: fjǫðr  -->
</word>

<word sem="FIGHT">
  <pron r="1" deriv="0.3" redund="HIT2">berj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 20.11.4: berjask, refl. of berja ‘strike’. -->
  <pron r="2">βeɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 20.11.3: vega. -->
  <!-- Buck 20.11: berjask, vega.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FIRE">
  <pron r="1">eld</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.81: ON eldr, Dan. ild, Sw. eld, OE æled, gen. ældes (poet,), 
      Ir. āed (rare) : Grk. αἴθω ‘kindle’, Skt. idh- ‘kindle’. 
      Walde-P. 1.4f. Pedersen 1.57 -->
  <pron r="2">fuːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.81: ON fūrr, funi (poet.), Goth. fōn, 
      gen. funins, OE fȳr, NE fire, Du. vurr, OHG fiur, 
      fuir, NHG feuer, Grk. πῦρ; Umbr. pir (fr. *pūr, acc. purom-e);
      Arm. hur, Toch. A por, B puwar; Hitt. paḫḫur, paḫḫwar, 
      dat. paḫḫuni. IE *pewōr(?), *pūr, *pun-, etc., r/n stem neut.. Walde-P. 
      2.14. Feist 158f. Sturtevant, Laryngeals 36f. benveniste, Origines 169. 
      Pedersen, Hittitisch 187. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.81: ON eldr (fūrr, funi poet.), Dan. ild, Sw. eld  -->
</word>

<word sem="FISH">
  <pron r="1">fisk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.65: Goth. fisk, all the Gmc. words,
      Lat. piscis, Ir. īasc, NIr. iasg.
      Walde-P. 2.11. Pokorny, KZ 54.307. Cuny, Mélanges Glotz, 268f. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.65: ON fiskr, Dan., Sw. fisk  -->
</word>

<word sem="FIVE">
  <pron r="1">fim</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “fim, fim-m” ‘fünf’. -->
</word>

<word sem="FLOW">
  <pron r="1">fljoːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.32: fljōta. -->
  <!-- Buck 10.32: renna, basically ‘run’, fljōta.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FLOWER">
  <pron r="1">bloːm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.57: blōm, blōmstr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FLY">  <!-- verb -->
  <pron r="1">fljuːɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.37: fljūga.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FOG">
  <pron r="1">θok</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.74: ON þoka, Dan. taage, Sw.töcken, MLG dake, fr. *tug-, 
      *teug-, perh. extension of IE *teu- ‘swell, be thick’ (Lat. tumēre 
      ‘swell’, etc.). Falk-Torp 1238. Hellquist 1268.   -->
  <!-- Buck 1.74 mist, fog, haze: ON þoka, Dan. taage, Sw. dimma, töcken.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FOOT">
  <pron r="1">foːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.35, 4.37: fōtr ‘foot’, ‘leg’. -->
</word>

<word sem="FOUR">
  <pron r="1">fjoːr</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: fjōr-ir ‘vier’. -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="FREEZE">
  <pron r="1">kɑl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.86.2: kala ‘freeze’.  
       Köbler: kal-a ‘frieren, kalt machen’.  -->
  <pron r="2">frjoːs</pron>
  <pron r="3">frys</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: frjō-s-a ‘frieren, gefrieren’; cf. frost, 
      frysta ‘vor Kälte steif werden, frieren’, frør. “frost-a” ‘frieren’.  -->
  <pron r="4" deriv="1" redund="ICE1">iːs</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “īs-a” ‘zufrieren’, fr. īs-s ‘ice’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FRUIT">
  <pron r="1">ɑldin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.71: aldin.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FULL">
  <pron r="1">fulː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.21.1: fullr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GIVE">
  <pron r="1">ɡev</pron>
    <!-- Buck 11.21: gefa.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GOOD">
  <pron r="1">ɡoːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.71.5: gōðr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GRASS">
  <pron r="1">ɡrɑs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.51: gras.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GREEN">
  <pron r="1" redund="GRASS1">ɡrøː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.68.5: grœnn; cf. grōa ‘grow, become green’. Same root as 
         gras ‘GRASS’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GUTS">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">in</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “ið-r, inn-r, ið-r-an, ið-r-ar, inn-ster-i, in-nyfl-i” 
       ‘Eingeweide’.  -->
  <pron r="2">βil</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “vil” ‘Eingeweide’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HAIR"> <!-- of human head -->
  <pron r="1">hɑːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.14: ON, OHG hār, OE hǣr, general Gmc., etym. much disputed, 
      perh. : Lith. šerys ‘brush’. Walde-P. 1.427. Falk-Torp 369. 
     Weigand-H. 1.783.  -->
  <pron r="2">skoft</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.14: ON skopt (poet.), Goth. skuft, OHG scuft, MHG schopf, 
      all coll for ‘hair of head’ : OE scēaf ‘sheaf’.
      Walde-P. 2.555. Feist 435. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.14: ON hār, skopt, Dan. haar, Sw. hår  -->
</word>

<word sem="HAND">
  <pron r="1">hɔnd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.33: hǫnd -->
  <pron r="2">mund</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.33: mund -->
  <!-- Buck 4.33: hǫnd, mund.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEAD">
  <pron r="1">hɔvuð</pron>
  <pron r="2">hɔuvuð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.20: hǫfuð, haufuð  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEAR">
  <pron r="1">hɛyr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.41: høyra (heyra).  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEART">
  <pron r="1">hjɑrt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.44: hjarta.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEAVY">
  <pron r="1">θuŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.81.4: þungr  -->
  <pron r="2">hɔv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.81.4: hǫfugr  -->
  <!-- Buck 15.81: þungr, hǫfugr (svārr, poet. and figur.).  -->
</word>

<word sem="HIT">
  <pron r="1">ljoːst</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.21: ljōsta, esp. ‘hit, strike with a spear’.  -->
  <pron r="2">berj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.21: berja ‘strike, beat’. -->
  <pron r="3">slɑː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76, 9.21: slā ‘strike’, later ‘kill’.  -->
  <pron r="4">drep</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76, 9.21: drepa ‘strike, kill’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HOLD">  <!-- in hand -->
  <pron r="1">hɑld</pron>
    <!-- Buck 11.15.4: halda. -->
  <!-- Buck 11.15.4: halda (hafa, mostly ‘have’).  -->
</word>

<word sem="HORN">
  <pron r="1">horn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.17: ON horn fr. IE k̑er-. Walde-P. 1.403ff. Ernout-M. 221f. 
    Walde-H. 1.276. -->
</word>

<word sem="HUNT">
  <pron r="1">βɛið</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.79: ON veiða, OE wǣþan (with nouns for ‘the hunt’ 
      ON veiðr, OE wāþ), OHG weidōn, fr. an extension of *wei- in 
      Lith. veju, vyti ‘pursue’. Walde-P. 1.230. Falk-Thorp 1361f. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.79: ON veiða, Dan. jage, Sw. jaga (these from NHG)  -->
</word>

<word sem="HUSBAND">
  <pron r="1">ver</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.21: ON verr ‘husband’ (Buck 2.31), orig. ‘man’ in: 
      OE wer, Goth. wair 
      (old Gmc. word, but now obs. except in cpds., as NE werewolf, NHG 
      wergeld; also NE world, etc.); Lat. vir, Umbr. uiro (acc. pl.); 
      Ir. fer, NIr fearm W. 
      gwr, MBr. gour (now ‘no one’); Lith. vyras, Lett. vīrs; Skt., Av. 
      vīra-. Buck 1.1: ON verǫld, OE weorold, OHG weralt, a cpd. of wer ‘man’ 
      and ‘old’. -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1" redund="PERSON1">mɑð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.21: maðr (= PERSON) -->
  <!-- Buck 2.31: ON verr, maðr (= PERSON), (hūs-)bōndi (house-yeoman), 
    Dan. mand, ægtemand, 
    Sw. man, äkta man (make)  -->
</word>

<word sem="ICE">
  <pron r="1">iːs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.77: ON īss, OE īs, etc., general Gmc., pro. : Av. aēxa- 
      ‘frost, ice’, NPers. yak ‘ice’. Walde-P. 1.108. Falk-Torp 468, 1490. 
      Barth. 372. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.77: īss, Dan. is, Sw. is  -->
</word>

<word sem="KILL">
  <pron r="1" redund="HIT4">drep</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76, 9.21: drepa ‘strike, kill’.  -->
  <pron r="2" redund="DIE1" deriv="1">dɛyð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76: deyða (fr. ‘die’) -->
  <pron r="3">βeɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76 = 20.11.3: vega. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.76: deyða (fr. ‘die’), drepa, slā ‘strike’, later ‘kill’, 
     vega fr. ‘fight’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="KNEE">
  <pron r="1">kneː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.36: knē.  -->
</word>

<word sem="KNIFE">
  <pron r="1">kniːv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.23: knīfr.  -->
  <pron r="2">sɑks</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.23: sax ‘large knife, short sword’.  -->
  <!-- Buck 9.22: sax ‘large knife, short sword’. 9.23: knīfr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="KNOW">  <!-- facts -->
  <pron r="1">βit</pron>
    <!-- Buck 17.17.1: vita  -->
  <!-- Buck 17.17: vita; ‘be acquainted with’: kunna, kenna.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LAKE">
  <pron r="1" redund="WATER1">βɑt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.33: ON vatn (= WATER) -->
  <!-- Buck 1.33: ON vatn (= WATER), Dan. sø, indsø, Sw. sjö, insjö 
    (‘in’ + ‘sea’ -->
</word>

<word sem="LAUGH">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">hlæːj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.25: hlǣja, imit.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LEAF">
  <pron r="1">blɑð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.56: blað is rare in this sense  -->
  <!-- Buck 8.56: laufsblað (lauf ‘foliage’; blað is rare in this sense).  -->
</word>

<word sem="LEFT"> <!-- sinister -->
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">vin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.42: vinstri ‘friendlier’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LEG">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">leɡː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.35: leggr (from ‘hollow bone of arm or leg’), fōtleggr. 
       Köbler: “leg-g-r” ‘Bein, Wade, Knochenröhre’.  -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1" redund="FOOT1">foːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.35: fōtr -->
  <pron r="3" deriv="1" redund="BONE1">bɛin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.35: bein -->
  <!-- Buck 4.35: leggr, fōtr, fōtleggr, bein. 
     Köbler: kalf-a ‘Bein’. “leg-g-r” ‘Bein, Wade, Knochenröhre’;
       “skank-r” ‘Schenkel, Bein’. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.16: ON bein, Dan. ben, knogle, Sw. ben.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LIE"> <!-- be lying down -->
  <pron r="1">liɡː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.14: liggja.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LIVE"> <!-- be alive -->
  <pron r="1">liv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.74: lifa.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LIVER">
  <pron r="1">livr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.45: lifr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LONG">
  <pron r="1">lɑŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.57.2: langr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LOUSE">
  <pron r="1">luːs</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “lūs” ‘Laus’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="MAN">  <!-- adult male human -->
  <pron r="1">kɑrl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.21: ON karl, karlmaðr, OE ceorl (NE churl), OHG karl (NHG 
      kerl) : Grk. γέρων, Skt. jarant- ‘old man’. Walde-P. 1.600. Falk-Torp 
      497. Kluge-G. 296. -->
  <!-- Buck 2.21: ON karl, karlmaðr, Dan. mand, Sw. man  -->
</word>

<word sem="MANY">
  <pron r="1">mɑrɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.15.4: margir, pl. of ‘many a’. --> 
  <!-- Buck 13.15: margir, mangir (late).  -->
</word>

<word sem="MEAT">
  <pron r="1">kjɔt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.13: kjǫt. -->
</word>

<word sem="MOON">
  <pron r="1">mɑːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.53: Differentiated from ‘month’: Goth. mēna ‘moon’, NE moon,
      Skt. mās-, 
      ChSl. měsęcĭ, Toch. A mañ, Lat. mēnsis ‘month’, Ir. 
      mī. IE *mēnes-, *mēn(n)s- ‘moon’ and ‘month’, presumably fr. *mē- 
      ‘measure’. Walde-P. 2.271f. Ernout-M. 607f. Walde-H. 2.71. Berneker 
      2.51. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.53: ON māni (poet.), tungl (‘heavenly body’), Dan. maane, 
    Sw. måne  -->
</word>

<word sem="MOTHER">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">moː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.36: ON mōðir (fr. IE *mā́ter-, prob. from nursery word), 
    Dan., Sw. moder  -->
</word>

<word sem="MOUNTAIN"> <!-- or hill -->
  <pron r="1">fjɑl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.22: fjall (-fell), Dan. fjeld, Sw. fjäll ‘high mountain’ (ME, 
      NE fell from ON) : OHG felis, NHG fels ‘rock’, Skt. pāṣāṇa- ‘stone’, 
      etc. Walde-P. 2.66f. Falk-Torp 223. -->
  <!--  Buck 1.22: ON fjall, Dan. bjerg, fjeld; bakke; Sw. berg (fjäll); backe.
     Bakke, backe : ON bakki ‘bank’, NE bank.
     -->
</word>

<word sem="MOUTH">
  <pron r="1" motiv="0.7">muːθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.24: mūþ. [Imitative /m/-?]  -->
</word>

<word sem="NAME">
  <pron r="1">nɑṽn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.28: nafn.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NARROW">
  <pron r="1">θrɔŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.62.5: þrǫngr -->
  <pron r="2">ɔŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.62.1: ǫngr. -->
  <!-- Buck 12.62: þrǫngr, ǫngr. Buck 9.16: ǫngr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NEAR">
  <pron r="1">nær</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.43.4: nær(i).  -->
</word>

<word sem="NECK">
  <pron r="1">hɑls</pron>
    <!--Buck 4.28: hals  -->
  <pron r="2">sβiːr</pron>
    <!--Buck 4.28: svīri  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.28: hals, svīri.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NEW">
  <pron r="1">nyː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.13.1b: nȳr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NIGHT">
  <pron r="1">noːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.42: nōtt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NOSE">
  <pron r="1" motiv="0.7">nɔs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.23: nasar, pl. of nǫs ‘nostril’. Imitative /n/?  -->
</word>

<word sem="NOW">
  <pron r="1" redund="NEW1">nuː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.18.1: nū, related to “nȳr” ‘NEW’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="OLD">
  <pron r="1">forn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.15.7: forn -->
  <pron r="2">ɡɑmɑl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.15.7: gamall.  -->
  <!-- Buck 14.15: forn, gamall.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ONE">
  <pron r="1">ɛin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.32.1: einn. -->
</word>

<word sem="OTHER">
  <pron r="1">ɑnːɑr</pron>
    <!--Köbler: ann-ar-r ‘andere’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="PERSON">
  <pron r="1">mɑð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.1: ON maðr, Goth. manna, OE man(n), mon, NE Man, OHG man, NHG 
      mann, etc. (the most widespread Gmc, word, with extension to ‘male 
      adult’); ChSl. mąžĭ (fr. *mągjo- with a guttural suffix, as in Lith. 
      žmogus), SCr., Boh., Russ. muž, Pol. mąž (general Slavic word, with 
      shift to ‘male adult’); Skt. manu-, manuṣ-, manuṣa-, māqnuṣa-. IE word 
      for ‘person’. Perhaps *men ‘think’, perhaps with an earlier meaning 
      like ‘breathe’; or some connection to Lat.manus ‘hand’. Walde-P. 2.266. 
      Falk-Torp 693. Feist 344f. After meaning extended to ‘male adult’, 
      place taken by derived adj. like Goth, mannisks = ἀνθρώπινος. Hence 
      OGH mannisco, mennisco, MHG, NHG, Du. mensch, Dan. menneske, Sw. 
      menniska. Falk-Torp 714. Weigand-H. 2.168. In Slavic shifted even 
      further to ‘husband’, forming new derivatives for ‘male adult’, as 
      SCr. muškarac, Russ. mužčina, etc. -->
  <pron r="2">ɡum</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.1: ON gumi, Goth. guma (translate ἀνήρ), OE guma, OHG gomo 
      (old Gmc. word, now only in cpds.like NHG bräutigam, 
      NE bridegroom fr. OE brydguma); Ir. duine, W. dyn, Br. den; 
      Lat. homō (whence It. uomo, Fr. homme, etc.), OLat. hemo, Osc. humuns 
      ‘homines’; OLith. žmuo, OPruss. smoy, Lith. žmogus, pl. žmonės; 
      Toch. B. śaumo, pl. šāmna : Lat. humus, 
      Grk. χθών, Lith. žemé ‘earth’. Walde-P. 1.663. Ernout-M. 457f. Walde-H. 
      1.654f. Pedersen 1.89. Vendryes, RC 40.437ff. 
      Buck 1.21: IE *g̑hem- and *g̑hðem-
      (Walde-P. 1.662f., Ernout-M. 464, Walde-H. 1.664f), cf. Hitt. tekan, 
      Toch. A tkaṃ `earth' (suggesting IE *dheghom-, *dhghom- (Kretschmer, 
      Glotta 20.66f), Lat. humus, Ir. dū, Lith. žemė, Lett. zeme, OPruss. 
      semmin (acc. sg.), ChSl. zemlja, etc., general Balto-Slavic for `earth' 
      and `land'; Skt. kṣam- (gen. usually jmas), Vedic and in sense b, esp. 
      `earth' vs. `sky'; Av. zam- (gen. zemō = Skt. jmas) `earth' in all 
      senses, Alb. dhe `earth'. -->
  <!-- Buck 2.1 MAN (Human Being): ON maðr, gumi, Dan. menneske, Sw. menniska
     -->
</word>

<word sem="PLAY">
  <pron r="1">lɛik</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.26.4: leika.  -->
</word>

<word sem="PULL">
  <pron r="1">drɑɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.33: draga -->
  <pron r="2">toɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.33: toga.  -->
  <!-- Buck 9.33: draga, toga.  -->
</word>

<word sem="PUSH">
  <pron r="1">skyːv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.67: skȳfa.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RAIN">
  <pron r="1">reɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.75: OE regn, Goth. rign, general Gmc., etym. dub. perh. (rek- 
      beside reg-?): ON rakr ‘wet’, Lat. rigāre ‘moisten’ (with i fr. cpds.). 
      Walde-P. 2.365. Falk-Torp 887. Feist 397. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.75: ON, Dan., Sw. regn  -->
</word>

<word sem="RED">
  <pron r="1">rauð</pron>
  <pron r="2">rjoːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.66.1: rauðr, rjōðr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RIGHT">  <!-- dexter -->
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">hæɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.41.2: hægri, lit. ‘easier’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RIVER">
  <pron r="1">ɑː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.36: ON ā: Goth. ahwa, OE ēa, OHG aha: Lat. aqua ‘water’: IE 
      *akʷā- or 
      *ak̑wā-. Walde-P. 1.34f. Ernout-M. 64. Walde-H. 1.60. Feist 18f. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.36 river; stream; brook: ā; lækr (bekkr); Dan. flod; strøm; bæk; 
    Sw. flod; ström; bäck  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROAD">   <!-- or path -->
  <pron r="1">βeɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.71.4: vegr -->
  <pron r="2">ɡɑt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.71.4: gata -->
  <pron r="3" deriv="1">brɔut</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.71.4: braut (fr. ‘break’) -->
  <!-- Buck 10.71: vegr, braut (fr. ‘break’), gata.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROOT">
  <pron r="1">roːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.54: rōt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROPE">
  <pron r="1">rɛip</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: reip.  -->
  <pron r="2">tɔuɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: taug  -->
  <pron r="3">streŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: strengr  -->
  <pron r="4">sɛil</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: seil  -->
  <pron r="5">siːm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: sīmi  -->
  <pron r="6">snær</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: snæri ‘twisted rope’.  -->
  <pron r="7">liːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: līna  -->
  <!-- Buck 9.19: reip, taug, strengr, seil, sīmi, līna.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROTTEN">   <!-- as of a log -->
  <pron r="1">rotin</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: ro-t-in-n ‘verfault’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROUND">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">val</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.81.4: sīvalr, also simple valr; sī- = ‘always’ + velta ‘roll’
      -->
  <pron r="2">kriŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.81.4: kringlōttr, der. fr. kringla ‘circle’. -->
  <!-- Buck 12.81: sīvalr, kringlōttr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RUB">
  <pron r="1" motiv="0.5">ɡnuː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.31: gnūa; also gniða (rare).  --> 
  <pron r="2" motiv="0.5">bnuː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.31: bnūa (rare).  --> 
  <!-- Buck 9.31: gnūa; bnūa (rare).  -->
</word>

<word sem="SALT">
  <pron r="1">sɑlt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.81: salt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SAND">
  <pron r="1">sɑnd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.215: ON sandr, Dan. sand, Sw. sand from *samdho-, nearest to 
      Greek ἄμαθος, general Gmc, except Goth = ψάμμος, ἄμμος (orig. ἅμμος, cf. 
      ὕφαμμος), Hom. ψάμαθος, ἄμαθος (ἀ- for ἁ- by dissim., hence also ἄμμος), 
      NG ἄμμος = Lat. sabulum, OE sand, Arm. awaz. Connection obscure, prob. 
      fr. the root in Grk. ψάω ‘rub, crumble’, ψῆφος ‘pebble’, etc. (Skt. 
      bhas-, psā- ‘chew,  devour’, fr, ‘crush’). Kretschmer, KZ 31.420. 
      Ernout-M. 881. -->
</word>

<word sem="SAY">  <!-- or speak -->
  <pron r="1">seɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.22.1: segja -->
  <pron r="2">kβeð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.22.5: kveða.  -->
  <!-- Buck 18.22: segja, kveða.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SCRATCH">   <!-- an itch  -->
  <pron r="1">ɡɑrt</pron>
    <!-- Kröber: gart-a, gǫrtr-a ‘kratzen’. -->
  <pron r="2">hruvl</pron>
    <!-- Kröber: hruf-l-a ‘kratzen’. -->
  <pron r="3" redund="CLAW1">klɑ</pron>
    <!-- Kröber: klā, klō-r-a ‘kratzen’. -->
  <pron r="4">nɔuð</pron>
    <!-- Kröber: nauð-a ‘kratzen’. -->
  <pron r="5">tɑfs</pron>
    <!-- Kröber: taf-s-a ‘kratzen’. -->
</word>

<word sem="SEA">
  <pron r="1">hɑv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.32: ON haf, Sw., Dan. hav, OE hæf (poet. and rare), MLG haf = 
      ON haf ‘lifting’: NE heave. Walde-P. 1.343. Falk-Torp 385.  -->
  <pron r="2">sæ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.32: ON sær (sjār, sjōr) ‘sea’ (Dan. sø, Sw. sjö, usually 
      ‘lake’, but also ‘sea’ in phrases), Goth. saiws ‘lake’, OE sǣ, 
      OHG sēo ‘sea’ or ‘lake’, all 
      fr. a Gmc. *saiwi-, outside connections wholly doubtful. Walde-P. 2.464. 
      Feist 406f. Falk-Thorp 1232.  -->
  <pron r="3">mɑr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.32: ON marr (poet.): Goth marei, OHG mari, OE mere mostly 
      ‘lake’, ChSl. morje, from IE *mari (or *mori). Walde-P. 2.234. 
      Ernout-M. 592.  Walde-H. 2.39f.  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.32: haf, sær (marr), Dan. hav (sø), Sw. hav (sjö)  -->
</word>

<word sem="SEE">
  <pron r="1">sjɑ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.51.9: sjā.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SEED">
  <pron r="1">frjoː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.31: frjō.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SEW">
  <pron r="1">se:</pron>
  <pron r="2">sø:</pron>
    <!-- Buck 6.35: *sȳja (pl. pret. sēðu, past pple. sø̄ðr). -->
  <pron r="3">sɔum</pron>
    <!-- Buck 6.35: sauma  -->
</word>

<word sem="SHARP">  <!-- knife -->
  <pron r="1">hβɑs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.78.5: hvass -->
  <pron r="2">skɑrp</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.78.5: skarpr, also ‘shriveled, lean, barren, rough’. -->
  <!-- Buck 15.78: hvass, skarpr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SHORT">
  <pron r="1">skɑm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.59.5: skam(m)r.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SING">
  <pron r="1">synɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.12.5: syngva. Kröbler: cf. syngja. -->
  <pron r="2">ɡɑl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.12.5: gala.  -->
  <!-- Buck 18.12: syngva, gala.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SIT">  <!-- be sitting down  -->
  <pron r="1">sit</pron>
    <!--Buck 12.13: sitja.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SKIN">
  <pron r="1">huːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.12: ON hūð, OE hȳd, OHG hūt, general Gmc. word for ‘skin’ : 
      Grk. σκῦτος ‘hide, leather’, Lat. cutis ‘skin’, OPruss. keuto ‘skin’  
      : OE hȳdan ‘cover, hide’, fr. IE *(s)keu- with various extensions.  
      Walde-P. 2.546ff. Ernout-M. 249. Falk-Torp 425. -->
  <pron r="2">skin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.12: ON skinn (whence ME skinn, NE skin), Dan. skind, Sw. skin 
      : MHG schint ‘fruit skin’, OHG scintan, NHG schinden ‘remove the skin 
      or bark’, ON hinna ‘membrane’, W. cen ‘skin’, Br. kenn (both now mostly 
      in cpds.), Corn. cennen. IE *(s)ken- ‘cut off’, perh. an extension of 
      *sek- ‘cut’.  Walde-P. 2.563f. Falk-Torp 997. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.12: ON hūð, skinn (hǫrund), Dan. hud (skind ‘hide’), 
    Sw. hud, skin  -->
</word>

<word sem="SKY">
  <pron r="1">himin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.51 sky, heavens: himinn, Dan. himmel, Sw. himmel, sky  -->
</word>

<word sem="SLEEP">
  <pron r="1">sov</pron>
  <pron r="2">sβev</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.61: sofa; svefn; svefja ‘put to sleep’, sofna ‘fall asleep’.
       -->
</word>

<word sem="SMALL">
  <pron r="1">liːtil</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.56.4: lītill -->
  <pron r="2">smɑː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.56.1, 4: smār. -->
  <!-- Buck 12.56: lītill, smār (smalr, late).  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMELL">   <!-- perceive odor -->
  <pron r="1">θev</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.21.5: þefr ‘smell, taste’, with verbs þefa, þefja -->
  <!-- Buck 15.21: þefja, þefa(ilma); 
      obj. subst: þefr (ilmr, mostly ‘good smell’, 
      daunn, mostly ‘bad smell’).  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMOKE">
  <pron r="1">rɛyk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.83: ON reykr, OE rēc, ME reke (NE reek in Scotland), OHG rouh, 
      etc., general Gmc., beside vb. ON rjūka, OE rēocan, prob : Lat. ructāre 
      ‘spew, belch’. Walde-P. 2.357. Falk-Torp 934. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.83, SMOKE (sb.): reykr, Dan. røg, Sw. rök.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMOOTH">
  <pron r="1">sleːtː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.77.1: slēttr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SNAKE">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1" redund="WORM1">orm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.85: ON ormr, Goth. waurms, Sw. orm, OE wyrm, all originally
      ‘worm’; Lat. vermis. 
      IE *wṛmi- fr. *wer- ‘turn, twist’ in Lat. vertere.
      Walde-P. 1.271. Ernout-M.1090. NED. -->
  <pron r="2">nɑð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.85: 
      ON naðr, Goth. nadrs, OE næd(d)re, ME (n)addre, OHG nāt(a)ra, 
      Ir. nathir, NIr. nathair, W. neidr, Br. aer, 
      here also Lat. nātrix ‘water snake’, perh. fr. a root 
      *(s)nē- ‘turn, twist’. Walde-P. 2.327f., 694. -->
  <pron r="3">snɑːk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.85: ON snākr, Dan. snog, Sw. snok, OE snaca, ME, NE snake : 
       OHG snahan ‘crawl’, OE snægl ‘snail’. 
       Walde-P. 1.697ff. Falk-Torp 1098.  -->
  <!-- Buck 3.85: ON ormr, naðr, snākr, Dan. slange, snog, Sw. snok, orm  -->
</word>

<word sem="SNOW">
  <pron r="1">snæː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.76: Goth. snaiws, OE snāw, general Gmc.; νίφα acc. sg., 
      Lat. nix, nivis, vb. 
      ninguit, Ir. snechte, Lith. sniegas, ChSl. sněgŭ, Av. 
      snaēg-; here prob., but no trace of meaning ‘snoq’, Skt. snih- ‘be 
      sticky’. IE *snigʷh-, *snoigʷho-, vb. *sneigʷh-. Walde-P. 2.695. 
      Ernout-M. 673. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.76: ON snǣr (snjōr, snjār), Dan. sne, Sw. snö  -->
</word>

<word sem="SPIT">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">hræk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.56: hrækja (imitative) -->
  <pron r="2" motiv="1">spyːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.56: spȳta (imitative).  -->
</word>

<word sem="SPLIT">
  <pron r="1">kljuːv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.27: kljūfa.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SQUEEZE">
  <pron r="1" loan="1">presː</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “press-a” ‘drücken, pressen’, Lw. mnd. pressen, 
      Lw. mlat. pressāre.  -->
  <pron r="2">θjɑrm</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “þjarm-a” ‘drücken, klemmen’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="STAB">
  <pron r="1">ɡɑdː</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “gadd-a” ‘stechen, stacheln’. -->
</word>

<word sem="STAND">   <!-- be standing up  -->
  <pron r="1">stɑnd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.15.1: standa.  -->
</word>

<word sem="STAR">
  <pron r="1">stjɑrn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.54: all the Hmc. forms: OE steorra, Goth. stairnō, Grk. ἀστήρ, 
      ἄστρον, Lat. stēlla,
      W. seren, Skt. star- and tārā-, Arm. astł;, Hitt. astiras,
      Toch A. śreñ. IE *ster-, orig. disputed. Perhaps *ster- ‘spread out’.  
      Walde-P. 2.635f. Ipsen, IF 41.179ff. Feist 448. Wackernagel-Debrunner,  
      KZ 67.161 ff. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.54: stjarna, Dan. stjerne, Sw. stjärna  -->
</word>

<word sem="STICK">   <!-- of wood  -->
  <pron r="1">hæl</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “hæll” ‘Stock, Pfahl’. -->
  <pron r="2">kepː</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “ke-pp-r” ‘Stock’. -->
  <pron r="3">stik</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “sti-k” ‘Stock, Pfahl’. -->
  <pron r="4">tolː</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “toll-urr” ‘Stock, Stab’. -->
  <pron r="5">θrɑvn</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “þraf-ni” ‘Stock, Stab, Balken’. -->
</word>

<word sem="STONE">
  <pron r="1">stɛin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.44: ON steinn, Goth stains,OE stān, OHG stein, etc., the 
      general 
      Gmc. word for ‘stone’ and earlier also ‘rock’ : Skt. styā- ‘stiffen’,  
      etc. Walde-P. 2.610ff. Feist 447. Falk-Torp 1157.  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.44 stone, rock: ON steinn; Dan. sten; klippe; Sw. sten; klippa
     -->
</word>

<word sem="STRAIGHT">
  <pron r="1">reːtː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.73.1: rēttr. -->
  <pron r="2">rɑk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.73.1: rakr.  -->
  <pron r="3">bɛin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.73.4: beinn, cf. beinka ‘straighten’.  -->
  <!-- Buck 12.73: rēttr, beinn, rakr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SUCK">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">suːɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.16: sūga [imit.].  -->
</word>

<word sem="SUN">
  <pron r="1">soːl</pron>
  <pron r="2">sunː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.52: IE *sāwel-. Walde-P. 2.446. Ernout-M. 950f. Falk-Torp 1105.
      Feist 412, 460. ON sōl, sunna, Dan., Sw. sol -->
</word>

<word sem="SWELL">
  <pron r="1" motiv="0.7">belɣ</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “bel-g-ja”, “bol-g-n-a” ‘aufschwellen, aufblasen’. -->
  <pron r="2">svelː</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “svel-l-a” ‘schwellen’. -->
</word>

<word sem="SWIM">  <!-- or float  -->
  <pron r="1">sβimː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.35: svimma.  -->
  <pron r="2">sund</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.35: synda (fr. sund).  -->
  <!-- Buck 10.35: svimma, synda (fr. sund).  -->
</word>

<word sem="TAIL">
  <pron r="1">hɑl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.18: ON hali. Walde-P. 1.431. Falk-Torp 373.  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.18: ON hali (tagl ‘horse’s tail’, rōfa = ‘bony part of horse’s
     tail’, stertr idem, etc.)  -->
</word>

<word sem="THICK">
  <pron r="1">θykː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.63.4: þykkr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THIN">
  <pron r="1">θunː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.65: þunnr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THINK">
  <pron r="1">huɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 17.13.4: hyggja, cf. hugr ‘mind’. -->
  <!-- Buck 17.13: hugsa, hyggja.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THREE">
  <pron r="1">θriː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.41: þrīr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THROW">
  <pron r="1">βerp</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.25: verpa. -->
  <pron r="2">kɑst</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.25: kasta.  -->
  <!-- Buck 10.25: verpa, kasta.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TIE">  <!-- ligat -->
  <pron r="1">bind</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.16: binda.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TONGUE">
  <pron r="1">tuŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.26: tunga.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TOOTH">
  <pron r="1">tɔn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.27: tǫnn, fr. IE ‘eat’. -->
</word>

<word sem="TREE">
  <pron r="1">treː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.42: ON trē ‘tree, wood’, Dn træ ‘tree, wood’, Sw. trä ‘wood’, 
      träd ‘tree’ (from træ-et), NE tree, Goth. triu ‘stick of wood, stave’, 
      δόρυ ‘tree’ (rare), ‘beam, shaft, spear’, ChSl. drěvo ‘tree’, Skt. 
      dāru-, dru- ‘wood’, from IE *doru-, *derwo-, 
      etc. Walde-P. 1. 804ff. Osthoff, Parerga 169ff. -->
  <pron r="2">baðm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.42: ON baðmr (poet.), Goth. bagms, OE bēam ‘tree, beam’, Du. 
      boom, NHG baum, eytm. dub. (: Grk. φῆμα ‘growth’?). Walde-P. 2.143.  
      Feist 73. Falk-Torp 92. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.42: ON trē, baðmr (poet.), Dn træ, Sw. träd  -->
</word>

<word sem="TRUE">
  <pron r="1">sɑnː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.66.5: sannr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TURN">  <!-- change direction of motion -->
  <pron r="1">snuː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.12:  snūa. -->
  <pron r="2">hβerv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.12: hverfa -->
  <!-- Buck 10.12: venda, causative to vinda ‘wind’; hverfa, snūa.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TWO">
  <pron r="1">tβ</pron>
    <!-- Köbler: “tvei-r, tvā, tvau, tvæ-r”. -->
</word>

<word sem="VOMIT">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1" redund="SPIT2">spyː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.57: spȳja [imitative, like ‘spit’].  -->
</word>

<word sem="WALK">  <!-- or go -->
  <pron r="1">ɡɑŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.45: ganga ‘walk, go’ .  -->
</word>

<word sem="WARM">  <!-- or hot, as of weather -->
  <pron r="1">βɑrm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.85.1: varmr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WASH">
  <pron r="1">θβɑ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.36: þvā. -->
  <!-- Buck 9.36: þvā, vaska (based on ‘water’).  -->
</word>

<word sem="WATER">
  <pron r="1">βɑt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.31: vatn -->
  <!-- Buck 1.31: vatn, Dan. vand, Sw. vatten, OE wæter, ME water, NE water, 
    Du. water  -->
</word>

<word sem="WET">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1" redund="WATER1">βɑːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.83.5: vātr, same root as vatn ‘WATER’ -->
  <pron r="2">βɔk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.83.1: vǫkr -->
  <!-- Buck 15.83: vātr, vǫkr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WHITE">
  <pron r="1">hβiːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.64.4: hvītr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WIDE">
  <pron r="1">brɛið</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.61.6: breiðr -->
  <pron r="2">βiːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.61.6: vīðr.  -->
  <!-- Buck 12.61: breiðr, vīðr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WIFE">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1" redund="WOMAN1">kon</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.32: ON kona (= WOMAN). -->
  <!-- Buck 2.32: ON kona (= WOMAN) (kvān), 
    Dan. kone (hustru), Sw. hustru (maka)  -->
</word>

<word sem="WIND">  <!-- breeze -->
  <pron r="1">βind</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.72: Goth. winds, general Gmc.: Lat. ventus (whence Romance 
      words) : W. gwynt, Lith. vėjas, ChSl. větrŭ, Skt., Av. vāta-, Toch. A 
      want, from IE *wē- 
      ‘blow’ as in Skt. vā-. Walde-P. 1.220ff, Ernout-M. 1086. Pedersen 1.37, 
      60. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.72: vindr, Dan., Sw. vind  -->
</word>

<word sem="WING">
  <pron r="1">βæːŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.392: vǣngr.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WIPE">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="WOMAN">
  <pron r="1">kon</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.22: ON kona 
      (gen. pl. kvinna); Dan. kvinde (and kone ‘wife’), Sw. kvinna, 
      Goth. qinō (and qēns ‘wife’); OE cwene 
      (and cwēn ‘wife’), OHG quena; Ir. ben, NIr. bean, W. benyw; 
      Grk. γυνή (Boeot. βανά), gen. γυναικός, NG γυναῖκα; 
      OPruss. genna,ChSl. žena; Skt. jani-, 
      janī-, -jāni-, Av. ǰani- (NPers. zan), gənā-, etc.; Arm. kin; Toch. 
      śäṃ. -->
  <pron r="2">βiːv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.22: ON vīf (poet.), OE wīf, ME wife ‘woman, wife’, cpd. 
      wīfman ‘woman’ becoming ME, NE woman, OHG wīb, MHG wīp, BHG weib ‘woman’ 
      and  ‘wife’, usu. replaced by frau, as likewise Du. wijf by vrouw. Etym 
      wholly dub. Falk-Thorp 1390. Weigand-H. 2.1224. Paul, Deutsches Wtb.
      -->
  <!-- Buck 2.22: kona, Dan. kvinde, Sw. kvinna.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WOODS">
  <pron r="1">βið</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.41: ON viðr ‘woods, wood’, Dan. Sw. ved ‘wood’ (mostly 
      ‘firewood’), NE woods, OHG witu ‘wood’, Ir. fid ‘woods, tree, wood’, 
      prob. : Lat dī-videre ‘separate’, i.e. woods = borderland. Walde-P. 
      1.314. Falk-Thorp 1357. -->
  <pron r="2">mɔrk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.41: ON mǫrk ‘forest’, orig. ‘borderland’ : Goth. marka, OHG 
      marca, OE mearc ‘boundary’ (NE march), Lat. margō ‘edge, border’. 
      Walde-P. 1.314. Falk-Torp 1357. -->
  <pron r="3">skoːɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.41: ON skōgr, Dan. skov, Sw. skog ‘woods’ : ON skaga 
      ‘project’, skagi ‘promontory’, OE sceaga ‘thicket’, ChSl. skočiti 
      ‘jump’. Walde-P. 2.557. Falk-Torp 1017. Hellquist 940. -->
  <pron r="4">holt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.41: ON, OE holt ‘woods, copse’, OHG holz ‘woods’: Ir. caill, 
      Grk. κλάδος ‘branch’, fr.  
      *keld-d- ‘break off, split’. Walde-P. 1.438f. Falk-Torp 416. NED s.v.  
      holt. Despite etym., meaning ‘woods’ clearly precedes meaning ‘wood’. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.41: ON viðr, mǫrk, skōgr, Dan. skov, Sw. skog  -->
</word>

<word sem="WORM">
  <pron r="1">orm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.84: 
      Goth. waurms, ON ormr, OE wyrm, OHG wurm, general Gmc., but in older 
        period mostly ‘snake’; Lat. vermis. 
      IE *wṛmi- fr. *wer- ‘turn, twist’ in Lat. vertere.
      Walde-P. 1.271. Ernout-M.1090. NED. -->
  <pron r="2">mɑð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.84: ON maðkr, Goth. maþa, OE maþa, OHG mado, these mostly 
      ‘maggot’; possibly : NE moth, Skt. matkuṇa- ‘bug’. Walde-P. 2.228. 
      Falk-Torp 700. Hellquist 634. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.84: ON ormr, maðkr, Dan. orm, Sw. mask  -->
</word>

<word sem="YEAR">
  <pron r="1">ɑːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.73.2: ār.  -->
</word>

<word sem="YELLOW">
  <pron r="1">ɡul</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.69.1: gulr.  -->
</word>

</language>

<!-- References.
Buck  Buck, Carl Darling. (1949). A dictionary of selected synonyms in the
      principal Indo-European languages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
      Referenced by concept number.
Köbler. Köbler, Gerhard. (2003). Altnordisches Wörterbuch. 
      http://homepage.ubk.ac.at/homepage/c303/c30310/anwbhinw.html.
-->

