<?xml version="1.0"?>
<language id="GOT"> <!-- Gothic -->

<word sem="ALL">
  <pron r="1">alː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.13.5, 13.14: allai, pl. of alls ‘whole’. -->
</word>

<word sem="ANIMAL"> <!-- ~ terrestrial quadruped -->
  <pron r="1">diu</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.11: Goth. dius (renders Grk. θηρίον), 
    ON dȳr, OE dēor, OHG tior, the general Gmc, word for ‘animal’ vs ‘man’ 
    : Lith. dusti ‘gasp’, ChSl. dychati ‘breathe’. IE *dhwes-.
    Walde-P. 1.846. Feist 121b. Falk-Torp 172. 
    Perh. same root as Lat. bēstia -->
  <!-- Buck 3.11: Goth. dius. Balg: “ga-skafts” ‘creation, creature’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ASHES">
  <pron r="1">azɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.84: Goth. azgō, ON aska, OE asce, OHG asca, etc., general 
      Gmc., fr. a root *as- seen in Lat. ārēre ‘be dry’, ardēre ‘burn’, Skt. 
      āsa- ‘ashes, dust’, Arm. ačium ‘ashes’.  Falk-Torp. 35. Feist 72. 
      Walde-H. 1.65. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.84: Goth. azgō.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BACK">  <!-- dorsum -->
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="BAD">
  <pron r="1">uβil</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.72.5: ubils.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BARK">  <!-- of a tree. Sometimes = SKIN -->
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="BELLY">  <!-- abdomen -->
  <pron r="1">wamb</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.46: wamba ‘belly, womb’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BIG">
  <pron r="1">mikil</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.55.1: mikils.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BIRD">
  <pron r="1">fuɣl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.64: Goth. fugls, OE fugol, general Gmc., etym. disputed. 
      Perh. : Lith paukštis ‘bird’, 
        or with dissim. fr. Gmc. *flug-la- : OE flēogan ‘fly’. 
      Walde-P. 2.76. Feist 170. Falk-Torp 280, 1464. Wiegand-H. 2.1178. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.64: Goth. fugls  -->
</word>

<word sem="BITE">  <!-- verb -->
  <pron r="1">biːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.58: beitan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BLACK">
  <pron r="1">swart</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.65.4: swarts.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BLOOD">
  <pron r="1">bloːθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.15: Goth. blōþ, OE blōd, general Gmc., prob. ‘that which 
      bursts out’ : Goth. blōma ‘flower’. 
      Walde-P. 1.177. Falk-Torp 83f. Feist 101. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.15: Goth. blōþ.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BLOW">  <!-- verb, e.g., wind blows -->
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">wai</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.38: waian [imit.].   -->
  <pron r="2" motiv="1">bleːs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.38: (-blēsan) (imit.).  -->
  <!-- Buck 10.38: waian (-blēsan).  -->
</word>

<word sem="BONE">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.16: Goth.: ...  -->
</word>

<word sem="BREAST">  <!-- mamma -->
</word>

<word sem="BREATHE">
  <pron r="1">an</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.51: anan (in uz-anan).  -->
</word>

<word sem="BURN">  <!-- the bush is burning -->
  <pron r="1">brinː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.85: Goth. brinnan, caus. brannjan, etc., all the Gmc. words; 
      vi. is original. *bhre-n-wo-, fr. *bher- as in Lat. fervēre ‘boil’, 
      Goth. brunna ‘spring’. Walde-P. 2.168. Feist 106. Falk-Torp 111. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.85: Goth. brinnan (vi), brannjan (vt)  -->
</word>

<word sem="CHILD">  <!-- young human -->
  <pron r="1">barn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.27: Goth, ON, OHG barn, OE bearn (NE bairn in Sc.), once 
      general Gmc., fr. *barna= ‘born’, pple. of Goth. bairan, OE beran, etc. 
      ‘bear’. Walde-P. 1.56. Falk-Torp 51. Feist 82. -->
  <!-- Buck 2.27: barn  -->
</word>

<word sem="CLAW">
  <!-- Balg: “*nagljan” ‘to nail’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="CLOUD">
  <pron r="1">milhm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.73: Goth. milhma. etym. much disputed and dub. Walde-P. 2.297, 
      299. Feist 359. Falk-Torp 738. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.73: Goth. milhma.  -->
</word>

<word sem="COLD">  <!-- the weather is cold -->
  <pron r="1">kald</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.86.2: kalds.  -->
</word>

<word sem="COME">
  <pron r="1">kʷim</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.48, 10.47.2: qiman.  -->
</word>

<word sem="COUNT">
  <pron r="1">raθj</pron>
    <!-- Balg: “*raþjan” ‘to reckon, number’ in ga-.  -->
</word>

<word sem="CRY"> <!-- weep -->
  <pron r="1">ɡreːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.37.5: grētan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="CUT">
  <pron r="1">mait</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: maitan. Balg: maitan. -->
  <pron r="2">sniːθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: sneiþan ‘reap’, uf-sneiþan ‘kill’.  Balg: ‘cut, reap’. -->
  <!-- Buck 9.22: maitan, sneiþan ‘reap’, uf-sneiþan ‘kill’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DAY"> <!-- not night -->
  <pron r="1">daɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.41.4: dags.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DIE">
  <pron r="1">swilt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.75: (ga)swiltan. Crim. Goth. schuualt ‘death’. -->
  <pron r="2">dauθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.75: gadauþnan; dauþs; dauþus.  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.75: (ga)swiltan, gadauþnan; dauþs; dauþus.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DIG">
  <pron r="1">ɡraβ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.22: graban.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DIRTY">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">hrain</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.88: unhrains, neg. of hrains ‘clean’ (15.87).  -->
</word>

<word sem="DOG">
  <pron r="1">hund</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.61: Goth. hunds, OE hund, general Gmc.; 
      Grk. κύων, Lat. canis, Ir. cū, 
      Lith šuo, Lett. suns, OPruss. sunis, 
      Skt. çvan-, Av. span-, Median σπάκα (Hdt.), 
      and, fr. an Iran. form like the last, Russ. sobaka; 
      Arm. šun; Toch, ku, kū.
      IE *k̑uon-, k̑un-. Walde-P. 1.465ff. Ernout-M. 142f. Walde-H. 1.152f. 
        Feist 276. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.61: hunds  -->
</word>

<word sem="DRINK">
  <pron r="1">driŋk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.13: drigkan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DRY">
  <pron r="1">θors</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.84.2: þaursus.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DULL">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="DUST">
  <pron r="1">muld</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.213: mulda = OE molde ‘loose earth, soil’, etc. --> 
  <pron r="2">stuβj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.213: stubjus, OHG stuppi, stoub, NHG staub, Du. stof -->
</word>

<word sem="EAR">
  <pron r="1">aus</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.22: ausō.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EARTH"> <!-- soil, ground -->
  <pron r="1">er</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.21: Goth. airþa, term for most senses; general Germ. : Ir.
      ert ‘land’ in compounds,
      OHG ero ‘earth’, Grk. ἔρα. Walde-P. 1.142. Feist 25f. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.21: Goth. airþa, land; land ‘country’, general Germc : 
      Ir. ith-land ‘threshing floor’, W. llan ‘inclosure, yard’. -->
</word>

<word sem="EAT">
  <pron r="1" deriv="0.5">mat</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.11: matjan (fr. mats ‘food’)  -->
  <pron r="2">it</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.11: itan.  -->
  <!-- Buck 5.11: matjan (fr. mats ‘food’), itan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EGG">
  <pron r="1">aða</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.48: Crim. Goth. ada.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EYE">
  <pron r="1">auɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.21: augō.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FALL">
  <pron r="1">drius</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.23: driusan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FAR">
  <pron r="1">ferː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.44.4: fairra.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FAT">  <!-- grease -->
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="FATHER">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">atː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.35: Goth. atta (nursery word) -->
  <pron r="2" motiv="1">fa</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.35: fadar (once for heavenly father; fr. IE nursery word *pā) 
     -->
  <!-- Buck 2.35: Goth. atta (fadar)  -->
</word>

<word sem="FEAR">
  <pron r="1">aɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.53.5: agis, vb. ōg. -->
  <pron r="2">forht</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.53.5: faurhtei, adj. faurhts.  -->
  <!-- Buck 16.53: agis, faurhtei.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FEATHER">  <!-- if distinguished, a large feather -->
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="FIGHT">
  <pron r="1">wiːh</pron>
    <!-- Buck 20.11.3: weihan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FIRE">
  <pron r="1">foːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.81: Goth. fōn, 
      gen. funins, ON fūrr, funi (poet.), OE fȳr, NE fire, Du. vurr, OHG fiur, 
      fuir, NHG feuer, Grk. πῦρ; Umbr. pir (fr. *pūr, acc. purom-e);
      Arm. hur, Toch. A por, B puwar; Hitt. paḫḫur, paḫḫwar, 
      dat. paḫḫuni. IE *pewōr(?), *pūr, *pun-, etc., r/n stem neut.  Walde-P. 
      2.14. Feist 158f. Sturtevant, Laryngeals 36f. benveniste, Origines 169. 
      Pedersen, Hittitisch 187. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.81: Goth. fōn  -->
</word>

<word sem="FISH">
  <pron r="1">fisk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.65: Goth. fisk, all the Gmc. words,
      Lat. piscis, Ir. īasc, NIr. iasg.
      Walde-P. 2.11. Pokorny, KZ 54.307. Cuny, Mélanges Glotz, 268f. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.65: Goth. fisks  -->
</word>

<word sem="FIVE">
  <pron r="1">fimf</pron>
    <!-- Balg: fimf. -->
</word>

<word sem="FLOW">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">rinː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.32: rinnan, basically ‘run’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FLOWER">
  <pron r="1">bloːm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.57: (blōma).  -->
</word>

<word sem="FLY">  <!-- verb -->
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="FOG">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.74 mist, fog, haze: ...  -->
</word>

<word sem="FOOT">
  <pron r="1">foːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.37: fōtus.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FOUR">
  <pron r="1">fiðwoːr</pron>
    <!-- Balg: fidwôr. -->
</word>

<word sem="FREEZE">
  <!-- Balg: frius ‘frost, cold’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FRUIT">
  <pron r="1">akr</pron>
    <!-- Balg: “akran”. -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="FULL">
  <pron r="1">fulː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.21.1: fulls.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GIVE">
  <pron r="1">ɡiβ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 11.21.3: giban.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GOOD">
  <pron r="1">ɡoːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.71.5: gōds -->
  <pron r="2">θiu</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.71.5: þiuþ neut., whence also þiuþeigs -->
  <pron r="3">seːl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.71.5: sēls ‘good, kind’, sb. sēlei. -->
  <!-- Buck 16.71: gōds, þiuþeigs, sēls. -->
</word>

<word sem="GRASS">
  <pron r="1">ɡras</pron>
    <!-- Balg: gras, gen. grasis ‘grass, blade of grass, herb’.  -->
  <pron r="2">haw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.51, 52: hawi ‘hay, grass’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GREEN">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="GUTS">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="HAIR"> <!-- of human head -->
  <pron r="1">taɣl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.14: Goth. tagl ‘a hair’ : OE tægl ‘tail’. 
      Buck 4.18: ON tagl ‘horse’s tail’ (Sw. tagel ‘horsehair’), ME, NE tail, 
      OHG zagal, MHG zagel (now ‘penis’) : Skt. daçā- ‘fringe of cloth’. 
      Walde-P. 1.785. Falk-Torp 1242. Feist 470. -->
  <pron r="2">skuft</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.14: Goth. skuft, ON skopt (poet.), OHG scuft, MHG schopf, 
      all coll for ‘hair of head’ : OE scēaf ‘sheaf’.
      Walde-P. 2.555. Feist 435.  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.14: Goth. tagl, skuft  -->
</word>

<word sem="HAND">
  <pron r="1">hand</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.33: handus.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEAD">
  <pron r="1">hauβiθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.20: haubiþ. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.20: haubiþ.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEAR">
  <pron r="1">hausj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.41.5: hausjan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEART">
  <pron r="1">hert</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.44: hairtō.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEAVY">
  <pron r="1">kor</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.81.1: kaurus.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HIT">
  <pron r="1">staut</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.21: stautan. Balg: stautan. -->
  <pron r="2">bliŋɡw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.21: bliggwan. Balg: bliggwan. -->
  <pron r="3">slah</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76, 9.21: afslahan ‘kill’, slahan ‘strike’.  -->
  <!-- Buck 9.21: slahan, stautan, bliggwan. See also HIT KILL.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HOLD">  <!-- in hand -->
  <pron r="1">haβ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 11.15.4: haban ‘have, hold’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HORN">
  <pron r="1">horn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.17: Goth. haurn fr. IE k̑er-. Walde-P. 1.403ff. Ernout-M. 221f.
      Walde-H. 1.276. -->
</word>

<word sem="HUNT">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!-- Buck 3.79: Goth. ...  -->
</word>

<word sem="HUSBAND">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">aβ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.31: Goth. aba (nursery word; Walde-P. 1.47). 
      Balg: “aba” ‘husband, man’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ICE">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.77: ...  -->
</word>

<word sem="KILL">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1" redund="COME1">kʷim</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76: usqiman (‘out+come’)  -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1">slah</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76, 9.21: afslahan ‘kill’, slahan ‘strike’.  -->
  <pron r="3" deriv="1" redund="DIE2">dauθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76: -dauþjan (fr. ‘die’)  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.76: usqiman, -dauþjan, afslahan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="KNEE">
  <pron r="1">kniu</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.36: kniu.  -->
</word>

<word sem="KNIFE">
</word>

<word sem="KNOW">  <!-- facts -->
  <pron r="1">wit</pron>
    <!-- Buck 17.17.1: witan. pres. wait, 1pl. witum. -->
  <!-- Buck 17.17: witan, kunnan ‘be acquainted with’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LAKE">
  <pron r="1" redund="SEA2">saiw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.33: Goth. saiws. Balg: saiws ‘sea,lake, marsh’. --> 
  <!-- Buck 1.33: Goth. saiws, mari-saiws.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LAUGH">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">hlah</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.25.5: hlahjan, imit.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LEAF">
  <pron r="1">lauβ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.56: laufs, pl. laubōs. Balg: laufs. -->
</word>

<word sem="LEFT"> <!-- sinister -->
  <pron r="1">hliːðum</pron>
    <!-- Buck. 12.42.3: hleiduma.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LEG">
</word>

<word sem="LIE"> <!-- be lying down -->
  <pron r="1">liɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.14.1: ligan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LIVE"> <!-- be alive -->
  <pron r="1">liβ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.74: liban.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LIVER">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="LONG">
  <pron r="1">laŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.57.2: laggs (attested of time only).  -->
</word>

<word sem="LOUSE">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="MAN">  <!-- adult male human -->
  <pron r="1">wer</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.21: Goth. wair (ON verr ‘husband’), OE wer 
      (old Gmc. word, but now obs. except in cpds., as NE werewolf, NHG 
      wergeld; also NE world, etc.); Lat. vir, Umbr. uiro (acc. pl.); 
      Ir. fer, NIr fear, W. 
      gwr, MBr. gour (now ‘no one’); Lith. vyras, Lett. vīrs; Skt., Av. 
      vīra-. Buck 1.1: ON verǫld, OE weorold, OHG weralt, a cpd. of wer ‘man’ 
      and ‘old’. -->
  <pron r="2" motiv="1" redund="HUSBAND1">aβ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.31: Goth. aba (nursery word; Walde-P. 1.47). 
      Balg: “aba” ‘husband, man’.  -->
  <pron r="3">ɡum</pron>
    <!-- Balg: guma ‘man’, cf. guma-kunds, gumeins ‘male’  -->
  <!-- Buck 2.21: Goth. wair (guma, manna ‘person’)  -->
</word>

<word sem="MANY">
  <pron r="1">manaɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.15.4: manags in pl.  -->
  <pron r="2" redund="BIG1">mikil</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.15.4: mikils = BIG  -->
  <pron r="3">fil</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.15.1: filu (noun + gen. pl.)  -->
  <!-- Buck 13.15: manags, mikils, filu.  -->
</word>

<word sem="MEAT">
  <pron r="1">mimz</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.13, 5.61: mimz.  -->
</word>

<word sem="MOON">
  <pron r="1">meːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.53: mēna ‘moon’, mēnōþs ‘month’: NE moon, month: Skt. mās-, 
      ChSl. měsęcĭ, Toch. A mañ, Lat. mēnsis ‘month’, Ir. 
      mī. IE *mēnes-, *mēn(n)s- ‘moon’ and ‘month’, presumably fr. *mē- 
      ‘measure’. Walde-P. 2.271f. Ernout-M. 607f. Walde-H. 2.71. Berneker 
      2.51.  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.53: mēna.  -->
</word>

<word sem="MOTHER">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">aiθ</pron>
  <!-- Buck 2.36: aiþei (nursery word sim. to atta ‘father’).  -->
</word>

<word sem="MOUNTAIN"> <!-- or hill -->
  <pron r="1" loan="0.7">ferɡun</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.22: Goth. fairguni : OE firgen in compounds. Prob. loan fr.
      Celtic *perkunia : Lat. quercus ‘oak’. Walde-P. 2.48. Feist 137ff. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.22: ‘hill’: hlains : Lat. clīvus.  -->
</word>

<word sem="MOUTH">
  <pron r="1" motiv="0.7">munθ</pron>
  <!-- Buck 4.24: munþs. [Imitative /m/-?]  -->
</word>

<word sem="NAME">
  <pron r="1">nam</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.28.1: namo.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NARROW">
  <pron r="1">aŋɡw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.62.1: aggwus.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NEAR">
  <pron r="1">neːhʷ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.43.4: nēhw(a). Balg: nêƕ  -->
</word>

<word sem="NECK">
  <pron r="1">hals</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.28: hals.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NEW">
  <pron r="1">niuj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.13.1b: niujis.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NIGHT">
  <pron r="1">naht</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.42.1: nahts  -->
</word>

<word sem="NOSE">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="NOW">
  <pron r="1" redund="NEW1">nu</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.18.1: nu (nū?), related to niujis ‘NEW’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="OLD">
  <pron r="1">fern</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.15.7: fairneis -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1">alθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.15.7: alþeis, cf. alan ‘grow up’. -->
  <pron r="3">sin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.15.1: sineigs, superl. sinista (only of persons).  -->
  <!-- Buck 14.15: fairneis, alþeis, sineigs.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ONE">
  <pron r="1">ain</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.32.1: ains.  -->
</word>

<word sem="OTHER">
  <pron r="1">alj</pron>
    <!-- Balg: “aljis” ‘other, another’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="PERSON">
  <pron r="1">manː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.1: Goth. manna, ON maðr, OE man(n), mon, NE Man, OHG man, NHG 
      mann, etc. (the most widespread Gmc. word, with extension to ‘male 
      adult’); ChSl. mąžĭ (fr. *mągjo- with a guttural suffix, as in Lith. 
      žmogus), SCr., Boh., Russ. muž, Pol. mąž (general Slavic word, with 
      shift to ‘male adult’); Skt. manu-, manuṣ-, manuṣa-, māqnuṣa-. IE word 
      for ‘person’. Perhaps *men ‘think’, perhaps with an earlier meaning 
      like ‘breathe’; or some connection to Lat.manus ‘hand’. Walde-P. 2.266. 
      Falk-Torp 693. Feist 344f. After meaning extended to ‘male adult’, 
      place taken by derived adj. like Goth, mannisks = ἀνθρώπινος. Hence 
      OGH mannisco, mennisco, MHG, NHG, Du. mensch, Dan. menneske, Sw. 
      menniska. Falk-Torp 714. Weigand-H. 2.168. In Slavic shifted even 
      further to ‘husband’, forming new derivatives for ‘male adult’, as 
      SCr. muškarac, Russ. mužčina, etc. -->
  <!-- Buck 2.1 MAN (Human Being): Goth. manna  -->
</word>

<word sem="PLAY">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="PULL">
  <pron r="1">θins</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.33: at-þinsan. -->
  <!-- Buck 9.33: atþinsan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="PUSH">
  <pron r="1">skiuβ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.67: afskiuban.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RAIN">
  <pron r="1">riɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.75: Goth. rign, OE regn, general Gmc., etym. dub. perh. (rek- 
      beside reg-?): ON rakr ‘wet’, Lat. rigāre ‘moisten’ (with i fr. cpds.). 
      Walde-P. 2.365. Falk-Torp 887. Feist 397. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.75: Goth. rign  -->
</word>

<word sem="RED">
  <pron r="1">rauθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.66: rauþs.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RIGHT">  <!-- dexter -->
  <pron r="1">tehsw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.41.1: taihswa (n.). Balg: taíhsws (adj.) -->
</word>

<word sem="RIVER">
  <pron r="1">ahʷ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.36: Goth. ahwa: ON ā, OE ēa, OHG aha: Lat. aqua ‘water’: IE 
      *akʷā- or 
      *ak̑wā-. Walde-P. 1.34f. Ernout-M. 64. Walde-H. 1.60. Feist 18f.
      Balg: aƕa. -->
  <pron r="2">floːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.36: flōdus (once for πόταμος): NE flood, root of flow. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.36 river; stream; brook: ahwa, flōdus; rinnō  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROAD">   <!-- or path -->
  <pron r="1">wiɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.71: wigs.  -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1" redund="WALK1">ɡaŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Balg: gaggs ‘street, way’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROOT">
  <pron r="1">wort</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.54: waurts.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROPE">
  <pron r="1">raip</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: “skauda-raip” ‘shoelace’. Balg: “*raips”.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROTTEN">
  <pron r="1">fuːl</pron>
    <!-- Balg: “fûls” ‘foul’. -->
</word>

<word sem="ROUND">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->   <!-- derived from ‘roll’?  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="RUB">
  <pron r="1">bnau</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.31: bnauan. Balg: bnauan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SALT">
  <pron r="1">salt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.81: salt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SAND">
  <pron r="1">malm</pron>
    <!--  Buck 1.215: malma = ON mālmr ‘ore, metal’, OE mealm-stān 
      ‘malmstone’, OHG melm ‘dust’, all. fr. the root of Goth malan, Lat. 
      molere, etc., ‘grind’. Walde-P. 2.285. Feist 343..  -->
</word>

<word sem="SAY">  <!-- or speak -->
  <pron r="1">kʷiθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.22.5: qiþan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SCRATCH">   <!-- an itch  -->
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="SEA">
  <pron r="1">mar</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.32: Goth. marei: ON marr, OHG mari, OE mere mostly ‘lake’, 
      ChSl. morje, from IE *mari (or *mori). Walde-P. 2.234. 
      Ernout-M. 592.  Walde-H. 2.39f. 
      Balg: marei ‘sea’; mari-saiws ‘sea’. -->
  <pron r="2">saiw</pron>
    <!-- Balg: mari-saiws ‘sea’; saiws ‘sea,lake, marsh’. -->
</word>

<word sem="SEE">
  <pron r="1">sehʷ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.51.9: saihwan. Balg: “saíƕan”.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SEED">
  <pron r="1">fraiw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.31: fraiw. Balg: “fraiw”. -->
</word>

<word sem="SEW">
  <pron r="1">siuj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 6.35: siujan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SHARP">  <!-- knife -->
  <pron r="1">hʷas</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.78.5: *hwass (sb. hwassei). Balg: “ƕass”.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SHORT">
  <pron r="1">morɡ</pron>
    <!-- βuck 12.59.1ː ɡamaurɡjan ‘shorten’. Balg: “*maúrgjan”. -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="SING">
  <pron r="1">siŋɡw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.12.5: siggwan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SIT">  <!-- be sitting down  -->
  <pron r="1">sit</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.13.1: sitan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SKIN">
  <pron r="1">filː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.12: Goth. -fill in þrutsfill ‘leprosy’ 
      : Lat. pellis ‘hide’, OE fell ‘hide’, Walde-P. 2.58f. Ernout-M. 749. 
      Falk-Torp 217. Persson, Beiträge 226, 946. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.12: Goth. -fill.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SKY">
  <pron r="1">himin</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.51: Goth. himins: OE heofon, OHG himil, the general Gmc. word 
      for ‘sky’, *hemina-, *hemila- with suffix variation, etym. dub., perh :  
      Grk. καμάρα ‘vault’ or OE hemeþe ‘shirt’. Walde-P. 1.349ff., 386ff.  
      Falk-Torp 404f. Feist 256. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.51 sky, heavens: himins.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SLEEP">
  <pron r="1">sleːp</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.61: slēpan; slēps.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMALL">
  <pron r="1">liːtil</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.56.4: leitils -->
  <pron r="2">smal</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.56.4: smals (only superl. smalista). -->
  <!-- Buck 12.56: leitils (smals).  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMELL">   <!-- perceive odor -->
  <pron r="1">daun</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.21.5: noun: dauns. Balg: dauns ‘odor, savor’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMOKE">
  <!-- Buck 1.83, SMOKE (sb.): ...  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMOOTH">
  <pron r="1">sleht</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.77.1: slaihts.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SNAKE">
  <pron r="1">worm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.85: Goth. waurms, ON ormr, Sw. orm, OE wyrm, all originally
      ‘worm’; Lat. vermis. 
      IE *wṛmi- fr. *wer- ‘turn, twist’ in Lat. vertere.
      Walde-P. 1.271. Ernout-M.1090. NED.
      Balg: “waúrms” ‘serpent’. -->
  <pron r="2">naðr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.85:  -->
      Goth. nadrs, ON naðr, OE næd(d)re, ME (n)addre, OHG nāt(a)ra, 
      Ir. nathir, NIr. nathair, W. neidr, Br. aer, 
      here also Lat. nātrix ‘water snake’, perh. fr. a root 
      *(s)nē- ‘turn, twist’. Walde-P. 2.327f., 694. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.85: Goth. waurms, nadrs  -->
</word>

<word sem="SNOW">
  <pron r="1">snaiw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.76: Goth. snaiws, OE snāw, general Gmc.; νίφα acc. sg., 
      Lat. nix, nivis, vb. 
      ninguit, Ir. snechte, Lith. sniegas, ChSl. sněgŭ, Av. 
      snaēg-; here prob., but no trace of meaning ‘snoq’, Skt. snih- ‘be 
      sticky’. IE *snigʷh-, *snoigʷho-, vb. *sneigʷh-. Walde-P. 2.695. 
      Ernout-M. 673. Balg: “snaiws”. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.76: Goth. snaiws.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SPIT">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">spiːw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.56: speiwan, imitative. Balg: speiwan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SPLIT">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->   <!-- connected to CUT?  -->
  <!-- Balg: “skaidan” ‘sever, separate, put asunder’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SQUEEZE">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="STAB">  <!-- or stick or pierce -->
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!-- Balg: gazds ‘sting’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="STAND">   <!-- be standing up  -->
  <pron r="1">stand</pron>
    <!--Buck 12.15.1: standan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="STAR">
  <pron r="1">stern</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.54: Goth. stairnō, Grk. ἀστήρ, ἄστρον, Lat. stēlla, 
      W. seren, Skt. star- and tārā-, Arm. astł;, Hitt. astiras,
      Toch A. śreñ. IE *ster-, orig. disputed. Perhaps *ster- ‘spread out’.  
      Walde-P. 2.635f. Ipsen, IF 41.179ff. Feist 448. Wackernagel-Debrunner,  
      KZ 67.161 ff. 
     Balg: staírnô. -->
</word>

<word sem="STICK">   <!-- of wood  -->
  <pron r="1">hruɡː</pron>
    <!-- Balg: “hrugga” ‘staff’.  -->
  <pron r="2">tain</pron>
    <!-- Balg: “tains” ‘twig, sprig, branch’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="STONE">
  <pron r="1">stain</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.44: stains, ON steinn, OE stān, OHG stein, etc., the general 
      Gmc. word for ‘stone’ and earlier also ‘rock’ : Skt. styā- ‘stiffen’,  
      etc. Walde-P. 2.610ff. Feist 447. Falk-Torp 1157. 
     Balg: stains. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.44 stone, rock: stains; hallus  -->
</word>

<word sem="STRAIGHT">
  <pron r="1">reht</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.73.1: raihts.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SUCK">
    <!-- Buck 5.16: (daddjan ‘suckle’).  -->
</word>

<word sem="SUN">
  <pron r="1">sauil</pron>
  <pron r="2">sunː</pron>
    <!--Buck 1.52: IE *sāwel-. Walde-P. 2.446. Ernout-M. 950f. Falk-Torp 1105.
      Feist 412, 460.  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.52: sauil, sunnō. Balg: sauil.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SWELL">
  <pron r="1">swalː</pron>
    <!-- Balg: “*swalleins” ‘swelling’ in ufswalleins.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SWIM">  <!-- or float  -->
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="TAIL">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="THICK">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="THIN">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="THINK">
  <pron r="1">huɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 17.13.4: hugjan, cf. hugs ‘mind’.  -->
  <pron r="2">fraθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 17.13.4: fraþjan ‘perceive, understand, think’.  -->
  <pron r="3">θaŋk</pron>
    <!-- Balg: þag(g)kjan ‘think, consider, ponder, reason’.  -->
  <!-- Buck 17.13: hugjan, fraþjan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THREE">
  <pron r="1">θriːs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.41: þreis.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THROW">
  <pron r="1">werp</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.25: wairpan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TIE">  <!-- ligat -->
  <pron r="1">bind</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.16: (ga)bindan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TONGUE">
  <pron r="1">tuŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.26: tuggō.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TOOTH">
  <pron r="1">tunθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.27: tunþus, fr. IE ‘eat’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TREE">
  <pron r="1">baɣm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.42: Goth. bagms, ON baðmr (poet.), OE bēam ‘tree, beam’, Du. 
      boom, NHG baum, eytm. dub. (: Grk. φῆμα ‘growth’?). Walde-P. 2.143.  
      Feist 73. Falk-Torp 92. -->
  <pron r="2">triu</pron>
    <!-- Balg: “triu” ‘tree, wood; staff’. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.42: Goth. bagms  -->
</word>

<word sem="TRUE">
  <pron r="1">sunj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.66.2: sunja (sb.).  -->
</word>

<word sem="TURN">  <!-- change direction of motion -->
  <pron r="1">wand</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.12: wandjan, causative to -windan ‘wind’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TWO">
  <pron r="1">twai</pron>
    <!-- Balg: twai.  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="VOMIT">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->  <!-- onomatopoeia? -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="WALK">  <!-- or go -->
  <pron r="1">ɡaŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.45: gaggan ‘walk, go’  -->
  <pron r="2">hʷerb</pron>
    <!-- Balg: ƕaírban ‘walk’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WARM">  <!-- or hot, as of weather -->
  <pron r="1">warm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.85.1: (vb. warmjan).  -->
</word>

<word sem="WASH">
  <pron r="1">θwah</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.36: þwahan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WATER">
  <pron r="1">wat</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.31: watō : OE wæter; ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, Ir usce, Lith. vanduo, 
      ChSl. 
      voda, Skt. udan-, Hitt. watar, Alb ujë, from IE wedōr, wodōr, uden-, 
      from root *wed- (Skt. ud- ‘wet, flow’). -->
  <!-- Buck 1.31: watō  -->
</word>

<word sem="WET">
  <pron r="1">nat</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.83.5: (natjan, vb.)  -->
</word>

<word sem="WHITE">
  <pron r="1">hwiːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.64.4: hweits.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WIDE">
  <pron r="1">braiθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.61.6: braiþs. Balg: “*braiþs, braids”. -->
</word>

<word sem="WIFE">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1" redund="WOMAN1">kʷeːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.32: GOT. qēns (variant of qinō ‘woman’)  -->
</word>

<word sem="WIND">  <!-- breeze -->
  <pron r="1">wind</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.72: Goth. winds, general Gmc.: Lat. ventus (whence Romance 
      words) : W. gwynt, Lith. vėjas, ChSl. větrŭ, Skt., Av. vāta-, Toch. A 
      want, from IE *wē- 
      ‘blow’ as in Skt. vā-. Walde-P. 1.220ff, Ernout-M. 1086. Pedersen 1.37, 
      60. -->
</word>

<word sem="WING">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->  <!-- Connected to FLY? FEATHER? -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="WIPE">
  <pron r="1">swerb</pron>
    <!-- Balg: “*swaírban” ‘to wipe’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WOMAN">
  <pron r="1">kʷin</pron>
    <!--Buck 2.22: Goth. qinō (and qēns ‘wife’); ON kona 
      (gen. pl. kvinna); Dan. kvinde (and kone ‘wife’), Sw. kvinna, OE cwene 
      (and cwēn ‘wife’), OHG quena; Ir. ben, NIr. bean, W. benyw; 
      Grk. γυνή (Boeot. βανά), gen. γυναικός, NG γυναῖκα; 
      OPruss. genna,ChSl. žena; Skt. jani-, 
      janī-, -jāni-, Av. ǰani- (NPers. zan), gənā-, etc.; Arm. kin; Toch. 
      śäṃ.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WOODS">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->   <!-- Connected to TREE? -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

<word sem="WORM">
  <pron r="1">maθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.84: Goth. maþa, ON maðkr, OE maþa, OHG mado, these mostly 
      ‘maggot’; possibly : NE moth, Skt. matkuṇa- ‘bug’. Walde-P. 2.228. 
      Falk-Torp 700. Hellquist 634. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.84: Goth. maþa (waurms)  -->
</word>

<word sem="YEAR">
  <pron r="1">jeːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.73.2: jēr -->
  <pron r="2">aθn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.73.3: aþn (inferred fr. dat. pl. aþnam), at-aþni (inferred 
      fr. gen. sg. ataþnjis) -->
  <!-- Buck 14.73: jēr, aþn, ataþni.  -->
</word>

<word sem="YELLOW">
  <pron></pron>
    <!--  -->
  <!--   -->
</word>

</language>

<!-- References.
Balg  Balg, G. H. (1889). A comparative glossary of the Gothic language.
      New York: Westermann.
Buck  Buck, Carl Darling. (1949). A dictionary of selected synonyms in the
      principal Indo-European languages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
      Referenced by concept number.
-->


<!--
If there are multiple equally good candidates, add additional pron’s,
but try to sort best match first. Here’s a template.

  <pron></pron>

pron should be pronunciation in IPA, of just the distinctive part of
the word. If the same root is used for another word in this list, but
it’s not obvious which came first (both seem equally basic or equally
derived) enter the sem of the other word in the matches-sem field, all
in caps; if more than one, separate by spaces, e.g. matches-sem="RIVER
SEA".

Comments are freeform, but be sure to include the normal
spelling of the word and full bibliographic details. Invent short
abbreviations for commonly used dictionaries, grammars, etc. If
multiple words appear to be reasonable candidates, say how they
differ, if possible. It might also be useful to mention other words
that were rejected, but which other people might think to be a good
candidates. 

-->