<?xml version="1.0"?>
<language id="ANG"> <!-- Old English -->

<word sem="ALL">
  <pron r="1">æɑlː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.13.5, 13.14: ealle, pl. of eall ‘whole’. -->
</word>

<word sem="ANIMAL">
  <pron r="1">deːor</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.11: OE dēor, OHG tior, ON dȳr, 
    Goth. dius (renders Grk. θηρίον), 
    the general Gmc, word for ‘animal’ vs ‘man’ 
    : Lith. dusti ‘gasp’, ChSl. dychati ‘breathe’. IE *dhwes-.
    Walde-P. 1.846. Feist 121b. Falk-Torp 172. 
    Perh. same root as Lat. bēstia  -->
  <!-- Buck 3.11: OE dēor, ME dere, beste, animal, NE animal, beast, Du. dier
    -->
</word>

<word sem="ASHES">
  <pron r="1">ɑʃ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.84: OE asce, OHG asca, Goth. azgō, ON aska, etc., general 
      Gmc., fr. a root *as- seen in Lat. ārēre ‘be dry’, ardēre ‘burn’, Skt. 
      āsa- ‘ashes, dust’, Arm. ačium ‘ashes’.  Falk-Torp. 35. Feist 72. 
      Walde-H. 1.65. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.84: OE asce, ME ashe, NE ashes, Du. asca.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BACK">  <!-- dorsum -->
  <pron r="1">hrydːʒ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.19: OE hrycg. -->
  <pron r="2">bæk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.19: OE bæc -->
  <!-- Buck 4.19: OE hrycg, bæc.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BAD">
  <pron r="1">yvel</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.72.5: yfel -->
  <!-- Buck 16.72: yfel (earg ‘cowardly, lazy, vile’).  -->
</word>

<word sem="BARK">  <!-- of a tree. Sometimes = SKIN -->
  <pron r="1">rind</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: “rind(e)” ‘Rinde, Norke, Kruste’. -->
  <!-- “Bark” is Norse loan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BELLY">  <!-- abdomen -->
  <pron r="1">wɑmb</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.46: wamb ‘belly, womb’. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.46: wamb, innoþ (lit. ‘insides’). Būc is mostly ‘jug’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BIG">
  <pron r="1">mikel</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.55.1: micel.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BIRD">
  <pron r="1">fuɣol</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.64: Goth. fugls, OE fugol, general Gmc., etym. disputed. 
      Perh. : Lith paukštis ‘bird’, 
        or with dissim. fr. Gmc. *flug-la- : OE flēogan ‘fly’. 
      Walde-P. 2.76. Feist 170. Falk-Torp 280, 1464. Wiegand-H. 2.1178. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.64: OE fugol, ME fowl, bird (fr. OE brid ‘young bird’), NE bird, 
    Du. vogel  -->
</word>

<word sem="BITE">  <!-- verb -->
  <pron r="1">biːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.58: bītan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BLACK">
  <pron r="1">blæk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.65.4: blæc -->
  <pron r="2">swæɑrt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.65.4: sweart. -->
  <!-- Buck 15.65: blæc, sweart.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BLOOD">
  <pron r="1">bloːd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.15: OE blōd, Goth. blōþ, general Gmc., prob. ‘that which 
      bursts out’ : Goth. blōma ‘flower’. 
      Walde-P. 1.177. Falk-Torp 83f. Feist 101. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.15: OE blōd, ME blode, NE blood (gore), Du. bloed.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BLOW">  <!-- verb, e.g., wind blows -->
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">blɑːw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.38: blāwan (imit.) -->
  <pron r="2" motiv="1">wɑːw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.38: wāwan (much less common; [imit.]).  -->
  <!-- Buck 10.38: blāwan, wāwan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BONE">
  <pron r="1">bɑːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.16: OE bān, ON bein, general Gmc., origin obscure. 
      Falk-Torp. 69. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.16: OE bān, ME, NE bone, Du. been, knok.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BREAST">  <!-- mamma -->
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">breːost</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.41: brēost, same as man’s.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BREATHE">
  <pron r="1">oroθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.51: orþian fr. oroþ, fr. *uz-anþ-  -->
  <pron r="2">æːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.51: ǣþm, whence ēþian.  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.51: orþian, ēþian; oroþ, ǣþm.  -->
</word>

<word sem="BURN">  <!-- the bush is burning -->
  <pron r="1">beorn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.85: Goth. brinnan, caus. brannjan, etc., all the Gmc. words; 
      vi. is original. *bhre-n-wo-, fr. *bher- as in Lat. fervēre ‘boil’, 
      Goth. brunna ‘spring’. Walde-P. 2.168. Feist 106. Falk-Torp 111. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.85: OE beornan (vi), bærnan (vt), ME birne, NE burn, Du. branden
    -->
</word>

<word sem="CHILD">  <!-- young human -->
  <pron r="1">bæɑrn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.27: Goth, ON, OHG barn, OE bearn (NE bairn in Sc.), once 
      general Gmc., fr. *barna= ‘born’, pple. of Goth. bairan, OE beran, etc. 
      ‘bear’. Walde-P. 1.56. Falk-Torp 51. Feist 82. -->
  <!-- Buck 2.27: OE bearn, cild, ME child (barne), NE child, Du. kind  -->
  <pron r="2">tʃild</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.27: OE cild, ME, NE child : Goth. kilþei ‘womb’. 
      Walde-P. 1.714. NED. -->
</word>

<word sem="CLAW">
  <pron r="1">klæːɑ</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: cléa ‘Klaue, Huf, Haken’ -->
</word>

<word sem="CLOUD">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">wolk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.73: OE wolcen (NE welkin ‘sky’), Du. wolk, NHG wolke ‘cloud’ : 
      OHG welc ‘withered, weak’, Lith. vilgyti ‘moisten’, ChSl. vlaga 
      ‘moisture’, etc. Walde-P. 1.306. Weigand-H. 2.1283.
      Holthausen: wolcen, welcen ‘Klumoen; Wolke; Lufthimmel’. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.73: wolcen, ME sky, cloud (from OE ‘pile of rocks’), NE cloud, 
      Du. wolk.  -->
</word>

<word sem="COLD">  <!-- the weather is cold -->
  <pron r="1">tʃæɑl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.86.2: ceald. Cf. calan ‘become cold’.
      Holthausen: ćeald ‘kalt, kühl’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="COME">
  <pron r="1">kum</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.48, 10.47.2: cuman.  -->
</word>

<word sem="COUNT">
  <pron r="1">telː</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: tėllan ‘zählen, rechnen; betrachten, denken’, etc. -->
  <pron r="2">riːm</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: rīman ‘zählen, erzählen; berechnen, achten’, 
      zu “rīm” ‘Zahl, Rechnung, Zählung’. -->
</word>

<word sem="CRY"> <!-- weep -->
  <pron r="1">weːp</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.37.5: wēpan -->
  <pron r="2">ɡreːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.37.5: grētan -->
  <pron r="3">ɡreːot</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.37.5: grēotan, OS griotan.  -->
  <!-- Buck 16.37: wēpan, grētan, grēotan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="CUT">
  <pron r="1">ʃer</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: sceran. Holthausen: sćieran. -->
  <pron r="2">keorv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: ceorfan -->
  <pron r="3">sniːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: snīþan -->
  <pron r="4">hæːɑw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.22: hēawan -->
  <!-- Buck 9.22: sceran, ceorfan, snīþan, hēawan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DAY"> <!-- not night -->
  <pron r="1">dæj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.41.4: dæg  -->
  <!-- Buck 14.41: dæg, dōgor (der. of dæg).  -->
</word>

<word sem="DIE"> <!-- or use ‘dead’ if that is more basic -->
  <pron r="1">swelt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.75: sweltan ‘die’, swylt ‘death’. -->
  <pron r="2">steorv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.75: steorfan  -->
  <pron r="3">dæːɑd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.75: dēad; dēaþ -->
  <pron r="4">kwel</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.75: cwelan. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.75: sweltan, steorfan, cwelan; dēad; dēaþ, swylt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DIG">
  <pron r="1">ɡrɑv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.22: grafan. -->
  <pron r="2">delv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.22: delfan.  -->
  <!-- Buck 8.22: grafan, delfan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DIRTY">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">fuːl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.88.4: fūl  -->
  <pron r="2">hor</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.88.4: horig  -->
  <pron r="3" deriv="1">klæːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.88: unclǣne, neg. of clǣne ‘clean’. -->
  <!-- Buck 15.88: fūl, horig, unclǣne.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DOG">
  <pron r="1">hund</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.61: OE hund, Goth. hunds, general Gmc.; 
      Grk. κύων, Lat. canis, Ir. cū, 
      Lith šuo, Lett. suns, OPruss. sunis, 
      Skt. çvan-, Av. span-, Median σπάκα (Hdt.), 
      and, fr. an Iran. form like the last, Russ. sobaka; 
      Arm. šun; Toch, ku, kū.
      IE *k̑uon-, k̑un-. Walde-P. 1.465ff. Ernout-M. 142f. Walde-H. 1.152f. 
        Feist 276. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.61: hund (docga once in a gloss), ME hound, dogge, NE dog, 
     Du. hond. 
    ‘Bitch’: OE bicce (ON bikkja, Norw. bikje, etym. dub. 
       Walde-P. 2.148. Falk-Torp 72), tife (Du. teef, 
       etym. dub., Falk-Torp 1313. Franck-v. W. 690). -->
</word>

<word sem="DRINK">
  <pron r="1">driŋk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.13: drincan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DRY">
  <pron r="1">dryːj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.84.6: drȳge -->
  <pron r="2">θyrː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.84.2: þyrre  -->
  <pron r="3">sæːɑr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.84.1: sēar. -->
  <!-- Buck 15.84: drȳge, þyrre, sēar.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DULL">
  <pron r="1" deriv="0.7">stunt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.79.4: āstynt, cf. (ā)styntan ‘make blunt’, 
          fr. OE stunt ‘foolish’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="DUST">
  <pron r="1">duːst</pron>
    <!--Buck 1.213: OE dūst (if ū correct = NHG dunst ‘vapor’), ME dust, NE 
      dust = ON, Norw. dust, same root as ON dupt, all from extensions of 
      *dheu- seen in Skt. dhū, dhu- ‘shake’, Grk. θύω ‘rage, seethe’, Skt. 
      dhūma-, Lat. fūmus, etc. ‘smoke’. Walde-P. 1.840, 846. Falk-Torp 163, 
      168. NED dust. Prob fr. same root as Toch A tor, B taur ‘dust’ (G. S. 
      Lane, Language 14.27)  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.213: OE dūst, ME dust, NE dust, Du. stof.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EAR">
  <pron r="1">æːɑr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.22: ēare.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EARTH"> <!-- soil, ground -->
  <pron r="1">eorð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.212: eorþe (Goth. airþa, general Germ. : Ir. ert ‘land’ in 
      compounds, OHG ero ‘earth’, Grk. ἔρα. Walde-P. 1.142. Feist 25f.) -->
  <pron r="2">mold</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.212: OE molde ‘loose earth, soil’ (NE mold) = Goth. mulda 
      ‘dust’, Skt. mṛd- ‘earth, clay’ fr. *mel- in Lat. molere, Goth. malan, 
      etc. ‘grind’. Walde-P. 2.2888. Feist 366. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.21: eorþe, land 
      (general Germc : Ir. ith-land ‘threshing floor’, W. llan ‘inclosure, 
      yard’.), grund (NE ground, OHG grunt, NHG grund, Dan.,
      Sw. grund, etc., all orig. ‘bottom’.) ME erthe, land, NE earth, land, 
      Du. aarde, land. Middanɡeard is often used for ‘world’, OS middilgard. 
      "Land" started with meaning ‘region, country’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EAT">
  <pron r="1">et</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.11: etan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EGG">
  <pron r="1">æːɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.48: ǣg.  -->
</word>

<word sem="EYE">
  <pron r="1">æːɑɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.21: ēage.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FALL">
  <pron r="1">fæɑlː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.23: feallan. -->
  <pron r="2">dreːoz</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.23: drēosan.  -->
  <!-- Buck 10.23: feallan, drēosan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FAR">
  <pron r="1">feor</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.44.4: feor.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FAT">
  <pron r="1">smeor</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: smeoru ‘Schmer, Fett, Talg’. -->
</word>

<word sem="FATHER">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">fæ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.35: OE fæder, ME fader, fadir, NE father, Du. vader  -->
</word>

<word sem="FEAR">
  <pron r="1">ej</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.53.5: ege, egesa. Holthausen: ėġe. -->
  <pron r="2">fyrxt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.53.5: fyrhto, adj. forht.  -->
  <!-- Buck 16.53: ege, egesa, fyrhto.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FEATHER">
  <pron r="1">feðer</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.392: feþer (pl. also ‘wings’), deriv. fiþere ‘wing’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FIGHT">
  <pron r="1">feoxt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 20.11.4: feohtan -->
  <pron r="2">wiːɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 20.11.3: wīgan -->
  <!-- Buck 20.11: feohtan, wīgan, winnan ‘labor, strive, fight’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FIRE">
  <pron r="1">fyːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.81: OE fȳr, NE fire, Du. vurr, OHG fiur, 
      fuir, NHG feuer, ON fūrr, funi (poet.), Goth. fōn, 
      gen. funins, Grk. πῦρ; Umbr. pir (fr. *pūr, acc. purom-e);
      Arm. hur, Toch. A por, B puwar; Hitt. paḫḫur, paḫḫwar, 
      dat. paḫḫuni. IE *pewōr(?), *pūr, *pun-, etc., r/n stem neut.. Walde-P. 
      2.14. Feist 158f. Sturtevant, Laryngeals 36f. benveniste, Origines 169. 
      Pedersen, Hittitisch 187. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.81: OE fȳr (æled poet.), ME fyre, NE fire, Du. vuur  -->
</word>

<word sem="FISH">
  <pron r="1">fiʃ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.65: Goth. fisk, all the Gmc. words,
      Lat. piscis, Ir. īasc, NIr. iasg.
      Walde-P. 2.11. Pokorny, KZ 54.307. Cuny, Mélanges Glotz, 268f. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.65: OE fisc, ME fisch, NE fish, Du. visch  -->
</word>

<word sem="FIVE">
  <pron r="1">fiːf</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: fīf. -->
</word>

<word sem="FLOW">
  <pron r="1">floːw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.36, 10.32: flōwan. -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1">irn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.36, 10.32: irnan, basically ‘run’.  -->
  <!-- Buck 9.36, 10.32: flōwan; irnan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FLOWER">
  <pron r="1">bloːstm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.57: blōstma.  -->
  <pron r="2">bloːm</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: blōma ‘Blume’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FLY">  <!-- verb -->
  <pron r="1">fleːoɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.37: flēogan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FOG">
  <pron r="1">mist</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.74: OE-NE, Du. mist, ChSl. mĭgla, Lith., Lett. migla, Skt. 
      mih-, all ‘mist’ beside Skt. megha- ‘cloud’, fr. a root *meigh-. 
      Walde-P. 2.247. Boisacq 701. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.74 mist, fog, haze: OE-NE mist, Du. nevel, mist  -->
</word>

<word sem="FOOT">
  <pron r="1">foːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.37: fōt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FOUR">
  <pron r="1">feːower</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: féower. -->
</word>

<word sem="FREEZE">
  <pron r="1">freːoz</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: fréosan ‘frieren’. -->
</word>

<word sem="FRUIT">
  <pron r="1">ovetː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.71: ofet (‘fruit, product’). Holthausen: ofett.  -->
</word>

<word sem="FULL">
  <pron r="1">fulː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.21.1: full.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GIVE">
  <pron r="1">jev</pron>
    <!-- Buck 11.21.3: giefan. -->
</word>

<word sem="GOOD">
  <pron r="1">ɡoːd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.71: gōd.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GRASS">
  <pron r="1">ɡræs</pron>
  <pron r="2">ɡærs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.51: græs, gærs.  -->
</word>

<word sem="GREEN">
  <pron r="1" redund="GRASS1 GRASS2">ɡreːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.68.5: grēne, cf. grōwan ‘grow, become green’. 
      Same root as ræs ‘GRASS’. -->
</word>

<word sem="GUTS">
  <pron r="1">ɡutː</pron>
    <!--  Holthausen: ɡutt ‘Darm’, zu ġéotan ‘gießen, fließen’. -->
</word>

<word sem="HAIR"> <!-- of human head -->
  <pron r="1">hæːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.14: OE hǣr, ON, OHG hār, Ogeneral Gmc., etym. much disputed, 
      perh. : Lith. šerys ‘brush’. Walde-P. 1.427. Falk-Torp 369. 
     Weigand-H. 1.783.  -->
  <pron r="2">fæɑks</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.14: OE feax, OS, OHG fahs (ON fax ‘mane’ : Grk. πόκος ‘fleece’.
      Walde-P. 2.17. Falk-Torp 201. NED s.v. fax.  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.14: OE hǣr, feax, ME here, fax, NE hair, Du. haar  -->
</word>

<word sem="HAND">
  <pron r="1">hɑnd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.33: hand -->
  <pron r="2">mund</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.33: mund -->
  <pron r="3">folm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.33: folme ‘hand’, folm ‘palm, hand’. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.33: hand, mund.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEAD">
  <pron r="1">hæːɑvod</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.20: hēafod, hafela  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.20: hēafod, hafela.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEAR">
  <pron r="1">hyːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.41.5: hȳran.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEART">
  <pron r="1">heort</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.44: heorte.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HEAVY">
  <pron r="1">swæːr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.81.4: swǣr -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1">hev</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.81.4: hefig. Cf. hebban ‘lift’.  -->
  <!-- Buck 15.81: swǣr, hefig.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HIT">
  <pron r="1">slæːɑ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76, 9.21: slēan ‘strike, kill’  -->
  <pron r="2">drep</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76: drepan ‘strike’.  -->
  <pron r="3">bæːɑt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.21: bēatan  -->
  <!-- Buck 9.21: slēan, bēatan, drepan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="HOLD">  <!-- in hand -->
  <pron r="1">hæɑld</pron>
    <!-- Buck 11.15.4: healdan (“habban” mostly ‘have’).  -->
</word>

<word sem="HORN">
  <pron r="1">horn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.17: OE horn fr. IE k̑er-. Walde-P. 1.403ff. Ernout-M. 221f. 
    Walde-H. 1.276. -->
</word>

<word sem="HUNT">
  <pron r="1">hunt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.79: OE huntian (hunta ‘hunter’), ME hunte, NE hunt 
      : OE hentan ‘seize’. Walde-P. 1.460. Feist 161. NED. -->
  <pron r="2">wæːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.79: OE wǣþan ON veiða, (with nouns for ‘the hunt’ 
      OE wāþ, ON veiðr), OHG weidōn, fr. an extension of *wei- in 
      Lith. veju, vyti ‘pursue’. Walde-P. 1.230. Falk-Thorp 1361f. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.79: OE huntian, wǣþan, ME hunte, NE hunt, Du. jagen  -->
</word>

<word sem="HUSBAND">
  <pron r="1" redund="MAN1">wer</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.31: OE wer (= MAN) -->
  <!-- Buck 2.31: OE wer, ME husbonde, NE husband, Du. man (gade)  -->
</word>

<word sem="ICE">
  <pron r="1">iːs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.77: OE īs, ON īss, etc., general Gmc., prob. : Av. aēxa- 
      ‘frost, ice’, NPers. yak ‘ice’. Walde-P. 1.108. Falk-Torp 468, 1490. 
      Barth. 372. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.77: OE īs, ME ise, NE ice, Du. ijs-->
</word>

<word sem="KILL">
  <pron r="1" redund="DIE4">kwel</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76: cwellan (caus. of cwelan ‘die’)  -->
  <pron r="2" redund="HIT1">slæːɑ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76, 9.21: slēan ‘strike, kill’  -->
  <pron r="3" redund="DIE3">dyːd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.76: (a)dȳdan (fr. ‘die’).  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.76: cwellan, slēan, (a)dȳdan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="KNEE">
  <pron r="1">kneːo</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.36: cnēo(w).  -->
</word>

<word sem="KNIFE">
  <pron r="1">sæɑks</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.23: seax. -->
  <!-- Buck 9.23: seax, cnīf (late, prob. from Scand.).  -->
</word>

<word sem="KNOW">  <!-- facts -->
  <pron r="1">wit</pron>
    <!-- Buck 17.17: witan, pres. wāt, witon. -->
  <pron r="2">knɑːw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 17.17.2: gecnāwan -->
  <!-- Buck 17.17: witan, gecnāwan,  ‘be acquainted with’: cunnan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LAKE">
  <pron r="1">mer</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.33: OE mere. Holthausen: ‘Meer, See; Teich, Zisterne’. -->
  <pron r="2" redund="SEA1">sæː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.32: OE sǣ, ME see, NE sea, Du. zee ‘sea’: ON sær, Goth. saiws 
      ‘lake’, OHG sēo ‘sea’ or ‘lake’, all 
      fr. a Gmc. *saiwi-, outside connections wholly doubtful. Walde-P. 2.464. 
      Feist 406f. Falk-Thorp 1232. --> 
  <!-- Buck 1.33: OE mere, sǣ, ME lac, NE lake, Du. meer  -->
</word>

<word sem="LAUGH">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">hliex</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.25.5: hliehhan, hlæhhan imit.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LEAF">
  <pron r="1">læːɑf</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.56: lēaf. -->
  <pron r="2">blæd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.56: blæd rare in this sense. -->
  <!-- Buck 8.56: lēaf (blæd rare in this sense.).  -->
</word>

<word sem="LEFT"> <!-- sinister -->
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">win</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.42: winestra ‘friendlier’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LEG">
  <pron r="1">ʃɑŋk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.35: sceanca ‘leg’, but esp. ‘shank’. Holthausen: sćanca. -->
  <pron r="2">ʃiːɑ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.35: scīa: ‘leg’, perhaps only ‘shin’. -->
  <!--  Buck 4.35: sceanca, scīa. -->
</word>

<word sem="LIE"> <!-- be lying down -->
  <pron r="1">liɡː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.14.1: licgan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LIVE"> <!-- be alive -->
  <pron r="1">libː</pron>
  <pron r="2">livj</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.74: libban, lifian.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LIVER">
  <pron r="1">livɛr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.45: lifer.  -->
</word>

<word sem="LONG">
  <pron r="1">loŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.57: long  -->
</word>

<word sem="LOUSE">
  <pron r="1">luːs</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: lûs ‘louse’. -->
</word>

<word sem="MAN">  <!-- adult male human -->
  <pron r="1">wer</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.21: OE wer, Goth. wair (ON verr ‘husband’) 
      (old Gmc. word, but now obs. except in cpds., as NE werewolf, NHG 
      wergeld; also NE world, etc.); Lat. vir, Umbr. uiro (acc. pl.); 
      Ir. fer, NIr fearm W. 
      gwr, MBr. gour (now ‘no one’); Lith. vyras, Lett. vīrs; Skt., Av. 
      vīra-. Buck 1.1: ON verǫld, OE weorold, OHG weralt, a cpd. of wer ‘man’ 
      and ‘old’. -->
  <pron r="2">tʃeorl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.21: OE ceorl (NE churl), OHG karl (NHG 
      kerl), ON karl, karlmaðr : Grk. γέρων, Skt. jarant- ‘old man’. 
      Walde-P. 1.600. Falk-Torp 497. Kluge-G. 296. 
      Holthausen: ćeorl. -->
  <pron r="3" deriv="1" redund="PERSON1">mɑnː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.21: man (fr. ‘person’)) -->
  <!-- Buck 2.21: OE wer (wǣpnedman fr. ‘weapon-man’, ceorl, man,
      ME man (were), NE man, Du. man  -->
</word>

<word sem="MANY">
  <pron r="1">monij</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.15.4: monige, pl. of monig ‘many a’.  -->
  <pron r="2" redund="BIG1">mikel</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.15.4: micele, pl. of micel, mycel = BIG.  -->
  <pron r="3">fel</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.15.1: fela (indec. adj. or noun + gen.)  -->
  <!-- Buck 13.15: monige, micele, fela.  -->
</word>

<word sem="MEAT">
  <pron r="1">flæːʃ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.61: flǣsc.  -->
</word>

<word sem="MOON">
  <pron r="1">moːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.53: Differentiated from ‘month’: NE moon,
      month : Goth. mēna ‘moon’,  Skt. mās-, 
      ChSl. měsęcĭ, Toch. A mañ, Lat. mēnsis ‘month’, Ir. 
      mī. IE *mēnes-, *mēn(n)s- ‘moon’ and ‘month’, presumably fr. *mē- 
      ‘measure’. Walde-P. 2.271f. Ernout-M. 607f. Walde-H. 2.71. Berneker 
      2.51. --> 
  <!-- Buck 1.53: OE mōna, ME mone, NE moon, Du. maan. -->
</word>

<word sem="MOTHER">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">moː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.36: OE mōdor (fr. IE *mā́ter-, prob. from nursery word), 
    ME moder, mother, NE mother, Du. moeder  -->
</word>

<word sem="MOUNTAIN">
  <pron r="1">beorɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.22: beorg ‘mountain, hill, burial mound’, now supplanted by 
      mountain and barrow. = Dan. bjerg, Sw. berg, OHG berg, etc, the most 
      widespread Gmc. word for ‘mountain’ : Skt. bṛhant- ‘high, great’, Av. 
      bərəzant- ‘high’, barəzah- ‘height, mountain’, Arm. berj ‘height’, Ir. 
      brī, acc. brig ‘hill’. Walde-P. 2.172ff. Falk-Torp 77. -->
  <pron r="2">duːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.22: dūn ‘mountain, hill’ (NE down), ODu, dūna (whence Du. duin 
      ‘sandhill’, Fr., NE dune), formerly believed to be Celt. loan, but 
      doubtful; perhaps root of Skt. dhū ‘shake’. WaldeP. 1.837. Falk-Torp 
      171. Franck-v. W. 141. NED sv down, sb. -->
  <pron r="3" loan="1">munt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.22: munt is loan from Lat. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.22: beorg, dūn, munt; hyll; ME mount, mountain; hill; NE 
    mountain (mount); hill; Du. berg; heuvel. OE hyll, ME, NE hill, OS, LG holm
    ‘hill’ (OE holm ‘sea’) = LIT kalnas ‘mountain’ from IE *kel- ‘raise’. 
     ME mount, mountain is from OFr. mont, montaigne. 
     Hill = Lat. collis. Du. heuvel ‘hill’ from IE *keup- ‘bend’.-->
</word>

<word sem="MOUTH">
  <pron r="1" motiv="0.7">muːθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.24: mūþ [Imitative /m/-?]   -->
</word>

<word sem="NAME">
  <pron r="1">nɑm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.28.1: nama.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NARROW">
  <pron r="1">næɑr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.62.5: nearu, OS naru.  -->
  <pron r="2">eŋɡ</pron>
  <pron r="3">ɑŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.62.1: enge, ange.  -->
  <pron r="4">smæl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.62.5: smæl.  -->
  <!-- Buck 12.62: nearu, enge, smæl.  Buck 9.16: enge.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NEAR">
  <pron r="1">næːɑx</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.43.4: nēah.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NECK">
  <pron r="1">hæɑls</pron>
    <!--Buck 4.28: heals  -->
  <pron r="2">sweːor</pron>
    <!--Buck 4.28: swēora, swīra.  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.28: heals, swēora.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NEW">
  <pron r="1">niːw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.13.1: nīwe.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NIGHT">
  <pron r="1">nixt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.42.1: niht.  -->
</word>

<word sem="NOSE">
  <pron r="1" motiv="0.7">noz</pron>
  <pron r="2" motiv="0.7">nɑz</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.23: nosu, nasu. Imitative /n/?  -->
</word>

<word sem="NOW">
  <pron r="1" redund="NEW1">nuː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.18.1: nū, related to nīwe ‘NEW’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="OLD">
  <pron r="1">æɑld</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.15.7: eald -->
  <pron r="2">ɡɑmol</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.15.7: gamol.  -->
  <!-- Buck 14.15: eald, gamol.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ONE">
  <pron r="1">ɑːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.32: ān.  -->
</word>

<word sem="OTHER">
  <pron r="1">oːðer</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen. -->
</word>

<word sem="PERSON">
  <pron r="1">mɑnː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.1: OE man(n), mon, NE Man, OHG man, NHG 
      mann, Goth. manna, ON maðr, etc. (the most widespread Gmc.
      word, with extension to ‘male 
      adult’); ChSl. mąžĭ (fr. *mągjo- with a guttural suffix, as in Lith. 
      žmogus), SCr., Boh., Russ. muž, Pol. mąž (general Slavic word, with 
      shift to ‘male adult’); Skt. manu-, manuṣ-, manuṣa-, māqnuṣa-. IE word 
      for ‘person’. Perhaps *men ‘think’, perhaps with an earlier meaning 
      like ‘breathe’; or some connection to Lat.manus ‘hand’. Walde-P. 2.266. 
      Falk-Torp 693. Feist 344f. After meaning extended to ‘male adult’, 
      place taken by derived adj. like Goth, mannisks = ἀνθρώπινος. Hence 
      OGH mannisco, mennisco, MHG, NHG, Du. mensch, Dan. menneske, Sw. 
      menniska. Falk-Torp 714. Weigand-H. 2.168. In Slavic shifted even 
      further to ‘husband’, forming new derivatives for ‘male adult’, as 
      SCr. muškarac, Russ. mužčina, etc. -->
  <pron r="2">ɡum</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.1: OE guma, OHG gomo, ON gumi, Goth. guma (translate ἀνήρ),
      (old Gmc. word, now only in cpds.like NHG bräutigam, 
      NE bridegroom fr. OE brydguma); Ir. duine, W. dyn, Br. den; 
      Lat. homō (whence It. uomo, Fr. homme, etc.), OLat. hemo, Osc. humuns 
      ‘homines’; OLith. žmuo, OPruss. smoy, Lith. žmogus, pl. žmonės; 
      Toch. B. śaumo, pl. šāmna : Lat. humus, 
      Grk. χθών, Lith. žemé ‘earth’. Walde-P. 1.663. Ernout-M. 457f. Walde-H. 
      1.654f. Pedersen 1.89. Vendryes, RC 40.437ff. 
      Buck 1.21: IE *g̑hem- and *g̑hðem-
      (Walde-P. 1.662f., Ernout-M. 464, Walde-H. 1.664f), cf. Hitt. tekan, 
      Toch. A tkaṃ `earth' (suggesting IE *dheghom-, *dhghom- (Kretschmer, 
      Glotta 20.66f), Lat. humus, Ir. dū, Lith. žemė, Lett. zeme, OPruss. 
      semmin (acc. sg.), ChSl. zemlja, etc., general Balto-Slavic for `earth' 
      and `land'; Skt. kṣam- (gen. usually jmas), Vedic and in sense b, esp. 
      `earth' vs. `sky'; Av. zam- (gen. zemō = Skt. jmas) `earth' in all 
      senses, Alb. dhe `earth'. -->    <!-- Connected to MAN?  -->
  <!-- Buck 2.1 MAN (Human Being): OE man(n), guma, ME, NE man, Du. mensch  -->
</word>

<word sem="PLAY">
  <pron r="1">plej</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.26.4: plegian -->
  <pron r="2">spil</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.26.4: spilian.  -->
  <!-- Buck 16.26: plegian, spilian.  -->
</word>

<word sem="PULL">
  <pron r="1">teːo</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.33: tēon  -->
  <pron r="2">drɑɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.33: dragan.  -->
  <!-- Buck 9.33: tēon, dragan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="PUSH">
  <pron r="1">ʃuːv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.67: scūfan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RAIN">
  <pron r="1">reɣn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.75: OE regn, Goth. rign, general Gmc., etym. dub. perh. (rek- 
      beside reg-?): ON rakr ‘wet’, Lat. rigāre ‘moisten’ (with i fr. cpds.). 
      Walde-P. 2.365. Falk-Torp 887. Feist 397.
      Holthausen: regn. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.75: OE regn, ME rein, NE rain, Du. regen.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RED">
  <pron r="1">ræːɑd</pron>
  <pron r="2">reːod</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.66.1: rēad, rēod.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RIGHT">  <!-- dexter -->
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">swiːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.41: swīþra, lit. ‘stronger’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="RIVER">
  <pron r="1">æːa</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.36: OE ēa: ON ā, Goth. ahwa, OHG aha: Lat. aqua ‘water’: IE 
      *akʷā- or 
      *ak̑wā-. Walde-P. 1.34f. Ernout-M. 64. Walde-H. 1.60. Feist 18f. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.36 river; stream; brook: ēa; strēam; rīþ, brōc; ME river, stream,
     broke; NE river; stream; brook; Du. rivier; stroom; beek  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROAD">   <!-- or path -->
  <pron r="1">wej</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.71.4: weg. Holthausen: weġ. -->
  <pron r="2" loan="1">stræt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.71: stræt (fr. Latin).  -->
  <!-- Buck 10.71: weg, stræt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROOT">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">trum</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.54: wyrttruma (‘plant+support’) -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="1">wɑl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.54: wyrtwala (‘plant+stick’).  -->
  <!-- Buck 8.54: wyrttruma, wyrtwala.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROPE">
  <pron r="1">rɑːp</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: rāp.  -->
  <pron r="2">sɑːl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: sāl  -->
  <pron r="3">streŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: streng  -->
  <pron r="4">siːm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: sīma  -->
  <pron r="5">liːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.19: līne  -->
  <!-- Buck 9.19: rāp, sāl, streng, sīma, līne. OS sīmo.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROTTEN">   <!-- as of a log -->
  <pron r="1" motiv="1" redund="DIRTY1">fuːl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.88.4: fūl  -->
  <pron r="2">brozn</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: brosnian ‘zerfallen, vergehen, faulen, verderben, 
       verwittern’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="ROUND">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">wæɑlt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.81.4: sin-wealt ‘always+roll’ -->
  <pron r="2" deriv="0.5">trend</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.81.4: sin-trendel ‘always+circle’ -->
  <pron r="3" deriv="0.5">hwerv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.81.4: sin-hwerfel ‘always+roll’ -->
  <!-- Buck 12.81: sin-wealt, -trendel, -hwerfel. -->
</word>

<word sem="RUB">
  <pron r="1">ɡniːd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.31: gnīdan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SALT">
  <pron r="1">sæɑlt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.81: sealt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SAND">
  <pron r="1">sɑnd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.215: OE sand, ME, NE sand, Du. zand, from *samdho- (ON sandr), 
      general Gmc, except Goth = ψάμμος, ἄμμος (orig. ἅμμος, cf. 
      ὕφαμμος), Hom. ψάμαθος, ἄμαθος (ἀ- for ἁ- by dissim., hence also ἄμμος), 
      NG ἄμμος = Lat. sabulum, OE sand, Arm. awaz. Connection obscure, prob. 
      fr. the root in Grk. ψάω ‘rub, crumble’, ψῆφος ‘pebble’, etc. (Skt. 
      bhas-, psā- ‘chew,  devour’, fr, ‘crush’). Kretschmer, KZ 31.420. 
      Ernout-M. 881. -->
</word>

<word sem="SAY">  <!-- or speak -->
  <pron r="1">kweð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.22.5: cweþan  -->
  <pron r="2">sedːʒ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.22.1: secgan.  -->
  <!-- Buck 18.22: cweþan, secgan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SCRATCH">
  <pron r="1">ʃrep</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: sćrepan ‘kratzen’. -->
  <pron r="2">ʃrɑp</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: sćrapian ‘kratzen’. -->
</word>

<word sem="SEA">
  <pron r="1">sæː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.32: OE sǣ, ME see, NE sea, Du. zee ‘sea’: ON sær, Goth. saiws 
      ‘lake’, OHG sēo ‘sea’ or ‘lake’, all 
      fr. a Gmc. *saiwi-, outside connections wholly doubtful. Walde-P. 2.464. 
      Feist 406f. Falk-Thorp 1232. --> 
  <pron r="2" redund="LAKE1">mer</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.32: OE mere rarely ‘sea’, surviving in NE mer-maid, but mostly 
      ‘lake’, as also Du. meer): OHG mari, ON marr (poet.), Goth marei, ChSl. 
      morje, from IE *mari (or 
      *mori). Walde-P. 2.234. Ernout-M. 592.  Walde-H. 2.39f. --> 
  <pron r="3">hæf</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.32: OE hæf (poet. and rare): ON haf, Sw., Dan. hav, MLG haf = 
      ON haf ‘lifting’: NE heave. Walde-P. 1.343. Falk-Torp 385.  --> 
  <!-- Buck 1.32: OE sǣ (mere, hæf), ME see, NE sea, Du. zee   -->
</word>

<word sem="SEE">
  <pron r="1">seːo</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.51.9: sēon.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SEED">
  <pron r="1">sæːd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 8.31: sǣd.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SEW">
  <pron r="1">siːw</pron>
  <pron r="2">seːow</pron>
    <!-- Buck 6.35: sīwian, sēowian.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SHARP">  <!-- knife -->
  <pron r="1">ʃærp</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.78.5: scearp, rarely ‘rough’. -->
  <pron r="2">hwæs</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.78.5: hwæs -->
  <!-- Buck 15.78: scearp, hwæs.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SHORT">
  <pron r="1">ʃort</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.59.5: sceort.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SING">
  <pron r="1">siŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.12.5: singan -->
  <pron r="2">ɡɑl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 18.12.5: galan.  -->
  <!-- Buck 18.12: singan, galan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SIT">  <!-- be sitting down  -->
  <pron r="1">sitː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.13.1: sittan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SKIN">
  <pron r="1">hyːd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.12: OE hȳd, OHG hūt, ON hūð, general Gmc. word for ‘skin’ : 
      Grk. σκῦτος ‘hide, leather’, Lat. cutis ‘skin’, OPruss. keuto ‘skin’  
      : OE hȳdan ‘cover, hide’, fr. IE *(s)keu- with various extensions.  
      Walde-P. 2.546ff. Ernout-M. 249. Falk-Torp 425. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.12: OE hȳd, ME hide, skinn, NE skin, Du. huid, vel. 
    ‘Hide’: OE, ME fell, NE hide (fell).  -->
</word>

<word sem="SKY">
  <pron r="1">heov</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.51: OE heofon: Goth. himins, OHG himil, the general Gmc. word 
      for ‘sky’, *hemina-, *hemila- with suffix variation, etym. dub., perh :  
      Grk. καμάρα ‘vault’ or OE hemeþe ‘shirt’. Walde-P. 1.349ff., 386ff.  
      Falk-Torp 404f. Feist 256. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.51 sky, heavens: OE heofon, ME heven, sky (from Norse ‘sky’), NE 
    sky, heavens, Du. hemel  -->
</word>

<word sem="SLEEP">
  <pron r="1">slæːp</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.61: slǣpan; slǣp  -->
  <pron r="2">swev</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.61: swefan, swefn  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.61: slǣpan, swefan; slǣp, swefn; swebban ‘put to sleep’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMALL">
  <pron r="1">lyːtel</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.56.4: lȳtel. -->
  <pron r="2">smæl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.56.4: smæl.  -->
  <!-- Buck 12.56: lȳtel, smæl.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMELL">   <!-- perceive odor -->
  <pron r="1">stiŋk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.21.5: stincan, gestincan, with sb. stenc. -->
  <pron r="2">swækː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.21.5: swæcc, swec (also ‘taste’), vb. gesweccan, OS swec. 
       Holthausen: swæccan. -->
  <!-- Buck 15.21: gestincan, gesweccan; obj: stincan; noun: stenc, swæcc.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMOKE">
  <pron r="1">reːk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.83: OE rēc, ME reke (NE reek in Scotland), OHG rouh, 
      etc., ON reykr, general Gmc., beside vb. ON rjūka, OE rēocan, prob : 
      Lat. ructāre 
      ‘spew, belch’. Walde-P. 2.357. Falk-Torp 934. -->
  <pron r="2">smok</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.83: OE smoca, ME, NE smoke (Du. smook, NHG schmauch now esp. 
      ‘thick smoke’), W. myg, Br. moged, NIr. mūch now mostly ‘gloom’, Arm. 
      mux ‘smoke’ : OE smēocan ‘smoke’, Lith. smaugti ‘choke’. Walde-P. 2.689. 
      Pedersen 1.122. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.83, SMOKE (sb.): OE rēc, smoca, ME reke, smoke, NE smoke, 
    Du. rook  -->
</word>

<word sem="SMOOTH">
  <pron r="1">smeːð</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.77.4: smēþe, beside smōþ (rare).  -->
</word>

<word sem="SNAKE">
  <pron r="1">wyrm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.85: OE wyrm, ON ormr, Goth. waurms, Sw. orm, all originally
      ‘worm’; Lat. vermis. 
      IE *wṛmi- fr. *wer- ‘turn, twist’ in Lat. vertere.
      Walde-P. 1.271. Ernout-M.1090. NED. -->
  <pron r="2">nædr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.85: 
      OE næd(d)re, ME (n)addre, OHG nāt(a)ra, Goth. nadrs, ON naðr, 
      Ir. nathir, NIr. nathair, W. neidr, Br. aer, 
      here also Lat. nātrix ‘water snake’, perh. fr. a root 
      *(s)nē- ‘turn, twist’. Walde-P. 2.327f., 694. -->
  <pron r="3">snɑk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.85: OE snaca, ME, NE snake, ON snākr, Dan. snog, Sw. snok : 
       OHG snahan ‘crawl’, OE snægl ‘snail’. 
       Walde-P. 1.697ff. Falk-Torp 1098.  -->
  <!-- Buck 3.85: OE wyrm, nædre, snaca, 
     ME worme, snake, serpent (loan fr. OFr), (n)addre, 
     NE snake, serpent, Du. slang  -->
</word>

<word sem="SNOW">
  <pron r="1">snɑːw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.76: OE snāw, Goth. snaiws, general Gmc.; νίφα acc. sg., 
      Lat. nix, nivis, vb. 
      ninguit, Ir. snechte, Lith. sniegas, ChSl. sněgŭ, Av. 
      snaēg-; here prob., but no trace of meaning ‘snoq’, Skt. snih- ‘be 
      sticky’. IE *snigʷh-, *snoigʷho-, vb. *sneigʷh-. Walde-P. 2.695. 
      Ernout-M. 673. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.76: OE snāw, ME, NE snow, Du. sneeuw.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SPIT">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1">spæːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.56: spǣtan (imitative).  -->
  <pron r="2" motiv="1">hræːtʃ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.56: hrǣcan (imitative). Holthausen: hrǣćan.  -->
  <pron r="3" motiv="1">spytː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.56: spyttan (imitative).  -->
  <!-- Buck 4.56: spǣtan, hrǣcan, spyttan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SPLIT">
  <pron r="1">kleːov</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.27: clēofan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SQUEEZE">
</word>

<word sem="STAB">  <!-- or stick or pierce -->
  <pron r="1">stik</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: stician ‘stechen, durchbohren, töten’. -->
  <pron r="2">stiŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: stingan ‘stechen, stoßen, durchbohren’. -->
</word>

<word sem="STAND">   <!-- be standing up  -->
  <pron r="1">stɑnd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.15.1: standan, stondan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="STAR">
  <pron r="1">steorː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.54: OE steorra, Goth. stairnō, Grk. ἀστήρ, ἄστρον, Lat. stēlla,
      W. seren, Skt. star- and tārā-, Arm. astł;, Hitt. astiras,
      Toch A. śreñ. IE *ster-, orig. disputed. Perhaps *ster- ‘spread out’.  
      Walde-P. 2.635f. Ipsen, IF 41.179ff. Feist 448. Wackernagel-Debrunner,  
      KZ 67.161 ff. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.54: OE steorra, ME sterre, NE star, Du. ster.  -->
</word>

<word sem="STICK">   <!-- of wood  -->
  <pron r="1">stikː</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: sticca ‘Stecken, Stock, Zeiger, Löffel’. -->
</word>

<word sem="STONE">
  <pron r="1">stɑːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.44: stān, Goth. stains, ON steinn, OHG stein, etc., the
      general 
      Gmc. word for ‘stone’ and earlier also ‘rock’ : Skt. styā- ‘stiffen’,  
      etc. Walde-P. 2.610ff. Feist 447. Falk-Torp 1157. -->
  <pron r="2">hɑːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.44: OE hān ‘stone’, ME honne, NE hone ‘whetstone’, ON hein 
      ‘whetstone’ : Skt. çilā- ‘stone, rock’ : çā-, çi- ‘sharpen’. Walde-P. 
      1.454.  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.44 stone, rock: OE stān; ME stone; rokke; NE stone; rock; Du. 
    sten; rots  -->
</word>

<word sem="STRAIGHT">
  <pron r="1">rixt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.73.1: riht.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SUCK">
  <pron r="1">suːk</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.16: sūcan [imit.]. -->
  <pron r="2">suːɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 5.16: sūgan [imit.].  -->
  <!-- Buck 5.16: sūcan, sūgan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SUN">
  <pron r="1">sunː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.52: IE *sāwel-, with parallel n-form. Walde-P. 2.446. 
      Ernout-M. 950f. Falk-Torp 1105. Feist 412, 460. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.52: OE sunne, sunna, ME sonne, NE sun, Du. zon  -->
</word>

<word sem="SWELL">
  <pron r="1">swelː</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: swellan ‘schwellen’.  -->
  <pron r="2">θind</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: ðindan ‘schwellen, zürnen’.  -->
  <pron r="3">θrint</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: ðrintan ‘schwellen’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="SWIM">  <!-- or float  -->
  <pron r="1">swimː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.35: swimman.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TAIL">
  <pron r="1">tæjl</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.18: OE tægl ‘tail’, ME, NE tail, 
      OHG zagal, MHG zagel (now ‘penis’), 
      ON tagl ‘horse’s tail’ (Sw. tagel ‘horsehair’) 
      : Skt. daçā- ‘fringe of cloth’. 
      Walde-P. 1.785. Falk-Torp 1242. Feist 470.
      Holthausen: tæġel ‘Schwanz’. -->
  <!-- Buck 4.18: tægl (steort ‘bony part of horse’s
     tail’).  -->
</word>

<word sem="THICK">
  <pron r="1">θikː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.63.4: þicce.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THIN">
  <pron r="1">θynː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.65.1: þynne.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THINK">
  <pron r="1">hydːʒ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 17.13.4: hycgan. -->
  <!-- Buck 17.13: (ge)þencan, hycgan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THREE">
  <pron r="1">θriː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 13.41: þrī.  -->
</word>

<word sem="THROW">
  <pron r="1">weorp</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.25: weorpan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TIE">  <!-- ligat -->
  <pron r="1">bind</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.16: bindan. -->
  <pron r="2">tiːej</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.16: tīgan, fr. tēah, tēag ‘bond’. Holthausen: tíeġan. -->
  <!-- Buck 9.16: bindan, tīgan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TONGUE">
  <pron r="1">tuŋɡ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.26: tunge.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TOOTH">
  <pron r="1">toːθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.27: tōþ, fr. IE ‘eat’.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TREE">
  <pron r="1">treːow</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.42: OE trēow, ME treo, tre ‘tree, wood’, NE tree, ON trē 
      ‘tree, 
      wood’, Goth. triu ‘stick of wood, stave’, 
      δόρυ ‘tree’ (rare), ‘beam, shaft, spear’, ChSl. drěvo ‘tree’, Skt. 
      dāru-, dru- ‘wood’, from IE *doru-, *derwo-, 
      etc. Walde-P. 1. 804ff. Osthoff, Parerga 169ff. -->
  <pron r="2">bæːɑm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.42: OE bēam ‘tree, beam’, NE beam, Du. 
      boom, NHG baum, ON baðmr, eytm. dub. (: Grk. φῆμα ‘growth’?). Walde-P. 
      2.143. Feist 73. Falk-Torp 92.  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.42: trēow, bēam, ME tre, NE tree, Du. boom.  -->
</word>

<word sem="TRUE">
  <pron r="1">soːθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 16.66.5: sōð, sōþ-līc -->
  <!-- Buck 16.66: sōð, sōþ-līc, wǣr (but rare and dubious in this sense)  -->
</word>

<word sem="TURN">  <!-- change direction of motion -->
  <pron r="1" deriv="1">wend</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.12: wendan, causative to windan ‘wind’.  -->
  <pron r="2">hweːorv</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.12: hwēorfan  -->
  <pron r="3">wriːɣ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.16: wrīgian ‘turn, wend’. -->
  <pron r="4" loan="1">turn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.16: tyrnan, turnian, fr. Lat. tornāre. -->
  <!-- Buck 10.12: wendan, causative to windan ‘wind’. hwēorfan.
     Buck 9.16: wrīgian ‘turn, wend’. tyrnan, turnian. -->
</word>

<word sem="TWO">
  <pron r="1">twɑː</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: twā, twǣġen. -->
</word>

<word sem="VOMIT">
  <pron r="1" motiv="1" redund="SPIT1 SPIT3">spiːw</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.57: spīwan [imitative, like ‘spit’].  -->
</word>

<word sem="WALK">
  <pron r="1">ɡɑŋɡ</pron>
  <pron r="2">ɡɑː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 10.45: gangan, gān ‘walk, go’ .  -->
</word>

<word sem="WARM">
  <pron r="1">wæɑrm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.85.1: wearm. -->
</word>

<word sem="WASH">
  <pron r="1">θwæːɑ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.36: þwēan -->
  <pron r="2">swilː</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.36: swillan -->
  <pron r="3" deriv="0.7" redund="WATER1">wæʃ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 9.36: wæscan (prob. based on ‘water’)  -->
  <!-- Buck 9.36: þwēan, wæscan, swillan.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WATER">
  <pron r="1">wæter</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.31: wæter: Goth. watō : ὕδωρ, Umbr. utur, Ir usce, 
      Lith. vanduo,  ChSl. 
      voda, Skt. udan-, Hitt. watar, Alb ujë, from IE wedōr, wodōr, uden-, 
      from root *wed- (Skt. ud- ‘wet, flow’).  -->
  <!-- Buck 1.31: wæter, ME, NE water, Du. water  -->
</word>

<word sem="WET">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1" redund="WATER1">wæːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.83.5: wǣt, same root as wæter ‘WATER’ -->
  <pron r="2">fuːxt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.83.5: fūht -->
  <!-- Buck 15.83: wǣt, fūht.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WHITE">
  <pron r="1">hwiːt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.64.4: hwīt.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WIDE">
  <pron r="1">brɑːd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.61.6: brād. -->
  <pron r="2">wiːd</pron>
    <!-- Buck 12.61.6: wīd.  -->
  <!-- Buck 12.61: brād, wīd.  -->
</word>

<word sem="WIFE">
  <pron r="1" redund="WOMAN2">wiːf</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.32: wīf. -->
  <pron r="2" redund="WOMAN1">kweːn</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.32: cwēn (= WOMAN). -->
  <!-- Buck 2.32: wīf, cwēn, ME, NE wife, Du. vrouw, gade  -->
</word>

<word sem="WIND">  <!-- breeze -->
  <pron r="1">wind</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.72: Goth. winds, general Gmc.: Lat. ventus (whence Romance 
      words) : W. gwynt, Lith. vėjas, ChSl. větrŭ, Skt., Av. vāta-, Toch. A 
      want, from IE *wē- 
      ‘blow’ as in Skt. vā-. Walde-P. 1.220ff, Ernout-M. 1086. Pedersen 1.37, 
      60. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.72: OE-NE, Du. wind  -->
</word>

<word sem="WING">
  <pron r="1" deriv="1" redund="FEATHER1">fiðer</pron>
    <!-- Buck 4.392: feþer (pl. also ‘wings’), deriv. fiþere ‘wing’.  -->
</word>


<word sem="WIPE">
  <pron r="1">wiːp</pron>
    <!-- Holthausen: wīpian ‘abwischen, reinigen’. -->
</word>

<word sem="WOMAN">
  <pron r="1">kwen</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.22: OE cwene (and cwēn ‘wife’), OHG quena; ON kona 
      (gen. pl. kvinna); Dan. kvinde (and kone ‘wife’), Sw. kvinna, 
      Goth. qinō (and qēns ‘wife’); Ir. ben, NIr. bean, W. benyw; 
      Grk. γυνή (Boeot. βανά), gen. γυναικός, NG γυναῖκα; 
      OPruss. genna,ChSl. žena; Skt. jani-, 
      janī-, -jāni-, Av. ǰani- (NPers. zan), gənā-, etc.; Arm. kin; Toch. 
      śäṃ. -->
  <pron r="2">wiːf</pron>
    <!-- Buck 2.22: OE wīf, ME wife ‘woman, wife’, cpd. 
      wīfman ‘woman’ becoming ME, NE woman, OHG wīb, MHG wīp, NHG weib ‘woman’ 
      and  ‘wife’, usu. replaced by frau, as likewise Du. wijf by vrouw. 
      ON vīf (poet.). Etym 
      wholly dub. Falk-Thorp 1390. Weigand-H. 2.1224. Paul, Deutsches Wtb.
      -->
  <!-- Buck 2.22: OE cwene, wīf, wīfman, ME quene, wife, woman, NE woman, 
    Du. vrouw  -->
</word>

<word sem="WOODS">
  <pron r="1">wæɑld</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.41: OE weald ‘woods’, also ‘hill, upland plain’ (NE wold), Du. 
      woud, OHG wald ‘woods’, ON vǫllr ‘untilled field’, Sw. vall ‘pasture’,  
      best taken as : NE wild. Walde-P. 1.297. Falk-Torp 1391. Kluge-G. 668.  
      -->
  <pron r="2">wid</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.41: OE widu, wudu ‘woods, wood’, so ME wode, NE wood(s), OHG 
      witu ‘wood’, Ir. fid ‘woods, tree, wood’, 
      prob. : Lat dī-videre ‘separate’, i.e. woods = borderland. Walde-P. 
      1.314. Falk-Thorp 1357. -->
  <pron r="3">holt</pron>
    <!-- Buck 1.41: OE, ON holt ‘woods, copse’, Du. hout ‘wood’, OHG holz 
      ‘woods’: Ir. caill, Grk. κλάδος ‘branch’, fr.  
      *keld-d- ‘break off, split’. Walde-P. 1.438f. Falk-Torp 416. NED s.v.  
      holt. Despite etym., meaning ‘woods’ clearly precedes meaning ‘wood’. -->
  <!-- Buck 1.41: weald, wudu, ME wode, forest, NE woods, forest, Du. woud -->
</word>

<word sem="WORM">
  <pron r="1">wyrm</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.84: 
      OE wyrm, OHG wurm, Goth. waurms, ON ormr, general Gmc.; Lat. vermis. 
      IE *wṛmi- fr. *wer- ‘turn, twist’ in Lat. vertere.
      Walde-P. 1.271. Ernout-M.1090. NED. -->
  <pron r="2">mɑθ</pron>
    <!-- Buck 3.84: Goth. maþa, ON maðkr, OE maþa, OHG mado, these mostly 
      ‘maggot’; possibly : NE moth, Skt. matkuṇa- ‘bug’. Walde-P. 2.228. 
      Falk-Torp 700. Hellquist 634. -->
  <!-- Buck 3.84: OE wyrm, wurm, ME werm, wurm, NE worm, Du. worm  -->
</word>

<word sem="YEAR">
  <pron r="1">jæːɑr</pron>
    <!-- Buck 14.73.2: gēar.  -->
</word>

<word sem="YELLOW">
  <pron r="1">jeolo</pron>
    <!-- Buck 15.69: geolo.  -->
</word>

</language>

<!-- References.
Buck  Buck, Carl Darling. (1949). A dictionary of selected synonyms in the
      principal Indo-European languages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
      Referenced by concept number.
Holthausen  
      Holthausen, F. (1934). Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch.
      Heidelberg: Winters.
-->
